In winter is the high incidence of cardiovascular disease, in fact, from spring and fall, the hidden danger has been in. Located in the northeast of the motherland, Heilongjiang, there are ice and snow, is a mountain of gold and silver, of course, there has been a high number of strokes, high blood pressure patients. Yes, for the middle-aged and elderly, winter for living in Heilongjiang, indeed, there are many tests. In addition to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, even a fall can take life.

Studies have shown that about 75% of hypertensive patients are H-type hypertension, and there are nearly 8 million patients with H-type hypertension and 1 million stroke patients in Heilongjiang, with economic losses due to stroke amounting to tens of billions of dollars every year.

Since the beginning of winter, Harbin hospitals have more patients in the cardiology department, because the physical contraction of blood vessels in winter, so that some patients with hypertensive disorders again experience pain.

Below is a winter survival manual presented by Prof. Yin Xinhua, Vice Dean of Cardiovascular Diseases, Deputy Director of Cardiology and Director of Cardiology Ward 8 at the First Hospital of Harbin Medical University (HAMU), which I hope will be helpful to those you care about:

1, no symptoms does not mean no disease"Silent killer" is more important to watch out for.

Symptoms are only a kind of alarm of the body to have a disease, but the absence of symptoms does not mean that there is no disease. For example, long-term consumption of health products, high blood pressure symptoms have been relieved, but the body of the disease has not been cured, the loss of the alarm of the disease has become a silent killer.

For high blood pressure, patients have a big misunderstanding, in addition to the use of health care products to lower blood pressure, there are patients who believe that the drug will produce tolerance, so the beginning of the need to use highly effective drugs to lower blood pressure, so as not to have no medicine available in the future. In fact, the use of antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure within a reasonable range, can reduce the body is damaged by high blood pressure, as long as the improvement of lifestyle habits, the body will only be beneficial, and there is no question of the future of no medicine available.

2. "H-type hypertension" is very dangerous.Incidence of cardiovascular events25 to 30 times higher than normal

Whenever a hypertensive patient walks into the cardiology ward, the doctor will ask them to take a test called "homocysteine" (Hcy for short). If the patient's "Hcy" index is elevated, it is like "adding fuel to the fire" for them, and the two synergistically increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, so now the combination of hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia is called "H-type hypertension". Therefore, hypertension combined with hyperhomocysteinemia is now referred to as "H-type hypertension". "H-type hypertension" also belongs to primary hypertension, and its cardiovascular event rate is about 5 times higher than that of patients with simple hypertension, and 25 to 30 times higher than that of normal people, which is one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.

"H-Hypertension is the result of an unhealthy lifestyle, not the least of which is an unhealthy diet. Homocysteine is a kind of garbage in the blood, which is converted from methionine in the proteins consumed by the body. Meat, cheese and other protein foods are particularly rich in methionine, which we eat almost every day. In order to reduce the "Hcy" indicator, you need to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, because the folic acid in them can reduce the level of homocysteine in the blood.

3. "Taking antihypertensive drugs harms the liver and kidneys" is a misunderstanding.Drug metabolism is worthless compared to disease damage

A person with high blood pressure who doesn't go 'under control' is like gas without a valve, which may be disabling or life-threatening once it's 'detonated', so it's common sense for people with high blood pressure to take medication for the rest of their lives.

Some patients find out on the Internet that taking medication can harm the liver and kidneys, and stop taking the medication when they see that their symptoms are reduced, which results in recurrent episodes of the disease. As a matter of fact, antihypertensive drugs have a protective effect on the patient's liver and kidneys, heart and blood vessels! It is a fact that drugs are metabolized by the liver and kidneys. However, when hypertension attacks, the damage to the liver and kidneys is even greater, and the damage to the liver and kidneys caused by taking medication is negligible compared to the damage to the liver and kidneys caused by the disease.

4, escape the cold may not escape the diseaseAcross the latitudinal line testing the blood vessels is even more important to pay attention to.

Heilongjiang is located in the frigid zone, which is one of the main reasons for the high incidence of hypertension and stroke, so some of the elderly have become 'migratory birds', going to Sanya in winter to spend the winter, and then coming back in summer. These old people seem to escape the long cold winter in Northeast China with the advantage of space, but in fact they are all at high risk of hypertension, because across multiple latitude lines test their blood vessels.

Three tips for migratory seniors:

The first step is to monitor your blood pressure at all times and increase the dosage of your medication or seek medical attention if you notice a rise in blood pressure;

Secondly, the human body is resistant to most medications, in the case of taking a drug that feels ineffective, under the guidance of a doctor to change antihypertensive drugs;

Again, it's all about getting into a regular routine, not overworking, and reducing the damage to your blood vessels caused by crossing latitudes.

Many hypertensive patients are afraid of winter because when the weather gets cold in winter, their blood pressure is not well controlled. In fact, the number of hypertensive patients hospitalized for winter onset does increase significantly, so to control blood pressure, hypertensive patients in the winter to pay attention to which four points?

Why is blood pressure poorly controlled in winter?

This is because hypertension is a disease closely related to climate change, patients' sympathetic nervous reactivity is significantly higher than normal, easy to be nervous, agitated, and not easy to adapt to environmental changes. The cold stimulation in winter makes the patient's sympathetic nerves abnormally excited, resulting in increased cardiac contractility and peripheral vascular contraction, causing systolic and diastolic blood pressure to rise and blood pressure fluctuation to increase, which can easily lead to an increase in the incidence of hypertension complications, such as cerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction.

In addition, in winter, the weather is cold, in order to protect the cold, people will choose a lot of high-calorie food nourishment, most of these foods contain a lot of cholesterol and fats, is not easy to be digested and absorbed, hoarding in the body, blood lipids and glucose elevated, which also gives patients with high blood pressure complication of other diseases to bring the hidden danger.

What are four things people with high blood pressure should be aware of during the winter months?

(1) Keep warm:

Whether indoors or outdoors, keeping warm is far more important than being windy, as people with high blood pressure may experience sudden blood changes due to fluctuating temperatures, triggering vascular events. That's why it's important to arm yourself against all aspects of cold attacks in winter, from hats to scarves, and from cotton coats to socks.

(2) Eat sensibly and stay away from the three high foods:

Hypertensive patients in winter can be appropriate tonic, but pay attention to the dietary principles, namely, low fat, low salt, low cholesterol and high potassium, high calcium, high fiber, a large number of three high food intake, will aggravate atherosclerosis, so the winter should limit the intake of three high food, more black fungus, onion head, celery, eggplant, hawthorn and other soften blood vessels, reduce blood pressure of the food. In winter, you should not eat too greasy, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and eat less salt, so as not to cause a sudden rise in blood pressure.

(3) Sleep regularly and drink plenty of warm water:

Insist on regular sleep every day, do not get up too early in winter. Hypertensive patients should drink a glass of warm water before going to bed at night and after getting up in the morning, so as to dilute the role of blood, while drinking a sufficient amount of water every day, to maintain a sufficient amount of urine, the discharge of toxins in the body, which can promote the smooth flow of stools.

(4) Monitor blood pressure and take medication as prescribed:

People with high blood pressure should frequently measure their own blood pressure in winter, keep a record of it, and pay attention to observing the changes in their blood pressure, and give timely feedback to the attending physician in case of fluctuations. In addition, they should take medication regularly to keep their blood pressure stable, and should not stop taking antihypertensive medication at will. They should also follow up with their doctor regularly to adjust their treatment plan in a timely manner.

In addition to the above four points, for the physical conditions and the external environment permits the friends of hypertensive patients, advocate moderate exercise exercise, citation exercise is conducive to the control of blood pressure and reduce complications, according to their own situation to choose the appropriate exercise, such as walking, tai chi and so on. In addition, we should pay attention to the cold to keep warm, avoid the cold stimulation. In addition, to maintain an optimistic and happy mood, avoid violent mood swings such as ecstasy and anger.

Winter is here and what should people with high blood pressure be aware of. I think the most important thing to watch out for is elevated blood pressure.

I. Why blood pressure rises as the weather gets colder

When the weather is cold, in order to fight the cold, the human body secretes catecholamines, mainly adrenaline, and adrenaline causes blood vessels to constrict. It can also be understood as the principle of thermal expansion and contraction, the weather becomes cold, the blood vessels contract. Blood pressure is the pressure of blood on the walls of blood vessels, blood vessel contraction becomes smaller, the pressure is naturally larger.

Second, in the face of cold weather, the majority of hypertensive patients should be how to deal with.

1. Enhanced monitoring of blood pressure

When blood pressure is stable, you may measure it a few times a week. In winter, you should be more diligent and may want to measure your blood pressure every day, usually twice a day is enough, once in the morning after getting up to go to the bathroom and once in the evening before going to bed.

2. Adjusting medication in a timely manner when blood pressure becomes unstable

Winter is also the peak time for all of you with high blood pressure to get your medications adjusted in the hospital. It's not unusual for medications to be increased in the winter and decreased in the summer. So how much does blood pressure rise before you have to go for medication adjustment. I think blood pressure fluctuates more than 10mmHg, several times in a row, but this means that it is not an error in measurement, you should go to the doctor, increase the dose of medication, or change a different type of medication.

3. Pay attention to keep warm

Since blood pressure tends to fluctuate in cold weather, it's important to keep warm. Some seniors, in particular, who prefer to exercise in the morning, may consider going out later or switching to the evening.

4. Pay attention to maintaining weight

Winter is the season of fat, winter eat, move less, easy to grow meat. Obesity is a lot of harm, so pay attention to the need to control weight.

5. Diet

A hot pot is excellent in cold weather. But the spicy soup base as well as the sauce contains too much salt for people with high blood pressure. Instead of eating too much salt, people with high blood pressure can consider clear soup.

To summarize: a sudden rise in blood pressure can easily lead to the rupture of arterial plaque in the blood vessels and the formation of blood clots. Plaque rupture in the blood vessels of the heart leads to myocardial infarction, and plaque rupture in the arteries of the brain leads to cerebral infarction. This is the reason why the incidence of these diseases increases in winter. Therefore, winter is coming, all hypertensive patients should remain vigilant, chest pain and face bending mouth slanting hands and feet numbness and weakness, to consult a doctor in a timely manner.

All day Monday, 24 hours a day, our emergency I admitted to resuscitate 3 cases of acute myocardial infarction, 5 cases of heart failure or with lung infection, 4 cases of cerebral infarction and 1 case of cerebral hemorrhage.

These patients are acute and critical patients, at any time life-threatening, these 13 patients to the hospital, have a common characteristic, that is, when they come to the blood pressure are extraordinarily high, and the patients and their families do not know at all, and almost all say that the usual blood pressure control is quite good. And then asked recently did not monitor blood pressure.

These critically ill patients, the reason for the onset of the disease is directly related to the fact that their blood pressure has not been monitored recently and the elevation of blood pressure has led to the outbreak of these cardiovascular diseases.

So, whether you have high blood pressure or not, it is recommended that you diligently measure blood pressure in winter no harm, measure a blood vessel for a few minutes, got these serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, is a lifetime.

What are some things you should be aware of in the winter, especially if you have high blood pressure?

First, more measurements

Because most high blood pressure is not uncomfortable, you simply can't rely on feeling dizziness, headaches, and other discomforts to determine whether your blood pressure is high or not, and you can only accurately determine this by measuring your blood pressure. If you can feel your blood pressure is high or not, there will not be so many people attacked by high blood pressure.

Secondly, you must pay attention to keep warm when you go out

One of the reasons for high blood pressure in winter is that the temperature decreases, especially when you go out, you should keep warm, the cold air constricts blood vessels, which can easily lead to increased blood pressure, and can easily cause vasospasm, which can easily lead to cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases, so you must pay attention to keep warm when you go out.

Third, controlling blood pressure is a constant battle

Hypertension is a chronic disease that the vast majority of people can't cure, so controlling it is something we do for the rest of our lives. Hypertension is not like a cold that is over in a week or so; hypertension needs to be managed over the long term, and eventually.

Managing high blood pressure is divided into two parts, one part is getting into the habit of taking medication and monitoring your blood pressure, so for those with high blood pressure, always remember to take your medication on time and monitor it regularly. If you notice abnormal blood pressure, after taking a few more measurements, find a doctor to adjust your medication if necessary.

The other part is the basis for preventing and controlling high blood pressure, and that is a healthy lifestyle. Blood pressure is not only affected by temperature, but blood pressure is affected by many factors. Especially life habits affect blood pressure, more obvious. For example, stay up late and insomnia blood pressure will rise, such as drinking blood pressure will be high, such as excitement blood pressure will be high, such as eating more salt blood pressure will be high, such as obesity blood pressure will be high and other details of these lives, not only to pay attention to the winter season, these bad habits should be changed early to develop a healthy lifestyle.

If you go out to exercise in winter, you must assess the body, do not go out if you are not feeling well, and do not go out in foggy low temperatures, but can be active indoors. Exercise must do a good job of warming up.

In short, all healthy lifestyles are meant to accompany hypertensive people throughout their lives, not just during the winter months.

In winter, the most crucial thing is to measure your blood pressure more often, you can only measure more often to know if there is any problem and what to do.

How can you control your blood pressure when you don't even notice it is high?

[Copyright Dr. Cardiovascular Wang]

Thanks for the invite!

1. Don't hoard fat in winter

Does anyone else gain weight more easily in winter? I feel like every year when winter comes, my appetite gets better, I don't eat as light as I do in summer, and I always like hot soup, hot pot, etc. If you're like me, be careful! If you are like me, you should be careful! These habits are easy to grow fat, eat greasy nature needless to say, fish soup, pork chop soup and other animal soup also contains a lot of oil, oil calories are very high, 1 small spoon oil calories and 1 cabbage calories similar to the calories of animal soup can not be ignored! Hot pot is also one of the favorites of many people, whether it is the red hot oil pot base, or sesame sauce, sesame oil and other dipping sauces, the fat content is very considerable, a winter eat down unconsciously on the fat, and the winter is also a season to hide the meat, wear a little thicker can be hidden from the sky and the sea! But for hypertensive patients, overweight and obesity are important risk factors for high blood pressure, and blood pressure will rise further after a large weight.

2. On food choices

You can eat less pork and beef, and other, foods high in saturated fatty acids, because a high intake of saturated fatty acids is positively associated with atherosclerosis, which increases the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events. And a proper increase in foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids can benefit cardiovascular patients. For example, chicken, duck and fish, especially deep-sea fish, have high nutritional value. Eskimos, who live in cold regions, have a lower incidence of high blood pressure associated with a high annual intake of deep-sea fish. Drink less strong tea and coffee, as a large intake will cause the sympathetic nervous system to become excited, which may be detrimental to the control of blood pressure. In addition, diet should strive to achieve a balanced diet, food diversification, daily meals should include cereals and potatoes, vegetables and fruits, livestock and poultry, fish, eggs and milk, soybeans and nuts, and other foods, to have vegetables at meals and fruits every day, it is recommended that an average of at least 12 types of food intake per day, 25 types of food per week or more. For details, please refer to Dietary Pagoda.

3. Too much salt is not enough

Some time ago, the clinic received a hypertensive grandmother, the grandmother has been added to three antihypertensive drugs, but the blood pressure control is not particularly satisfactory, her daily salt intake up to 15 grams or so, in addition, she ate more soy sauce, chicken essence is also a must for every meal, the favorite dishes are braised pork, braised fish, winter will often pickle their own fish to eat. About 60% of China's hypertensive patients may belong to the salt-sensitive hypertension, in other words, salt intake is more blood pressure increased significantly, after limiting salt blood pressure decreased. This grandmother is undoubtedly one of them, in the salt is not controlled under the premise of hypertension drugs and can not fully play their own role in lowering blood pressure, blood pressure is naturally very difficult to control.

4.physical exercise

Everyone should know their own physical condition before exercise, especially middle-aged and elderly people with high blood pressure, according to their actual situation to adopt the appropriate type, frequency and intensity of exercise. Brisk walking, jogging, swimming, tai chi are all better ways to exercise, but exactly how to do it still depends on the individual! We also want to remind you to avoid strenuous activities after waking up in the morning when it's been so cold lately.

5.Protect against mood swings

Hypertensive patients should maintain a relaxed, optimistic and happy mood. Anger and tension may induce vasospasm and even trigger cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke.

In addition, due to the significant increase in patients with stroke and myocardial infarction in winter, winter is a "hurdle" for patients with moderate-to-severe hypertension, so patients with hypertension should pay attention to keeping warm, strengthen the monitoring of blood pressure, and seek medical attention promptly if abnormalities are found!

About me: Doctor of Nutrition, senior attending physician in a tertiary hospital, long engaged in cardiovascular, obesity and other chronic diseases, tumor radiotherapy and other nutrition-related work, you can follow me! You can consult me if you have any questions about nutrition!

Winter hypertension patients should pay attention to four major points: 1. living room, clothing. 2. sleep, healthy diet. 3. adhere to moderate exercise, keep the mood comfortable and calm. 4. adhere to medication, increase the number of blood pressure measurement.

　　Winter temperatures are low, hypertension patients should be more vigilant, there are several main reasons: 1, in the cold environment, blood vessels will be cold shrinkage or even harden, thus causing blood pressure rise; 2, the human body is stimulated by the cold, it will lead to sympathetic nerve excitation, the whole body capillary constriction leads to cerebral ischemia and hypoxia, accelerating the formation of blood clots; 3, the dry climate in the north, the human body consumes more water, which can easily lead to the body's water shortage The blood viscosity is high, blood flow slows down, and finally insufficient blood volume can lead to ischemic stroke. In addition, many hypertensive patients will findThe daily dose of antihypertensive medication also seems to be much less potent after the onset of the bitter cold.

　　So, what should hypertensive patients pay attention to in winter in order to stabilize and control their blood pressure and prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events?

First, get up slowly

　　Early morning is the most frequent time for acute heart and brain infarction!According to a survey, 70%-80% of cardiovascular diseases occur from 6-10 am.If you wake up in a hurry to get up and get dressed, the body from a long period of rest, a sudden change of position into the state of activity, the body's sympathetic nervous system is rapidly activated. Elderly people have poor regulation ability and are prone to postural hypertension.

　　The first thing in the morning should not be to dress or drink water, but in the blanket slowly moving hands and feet, slight activity, so that the body has a clear time before getting up. Then, you can drink a glass of warm water, and if you need to, you can get up and take your antihypertensive medication on the way.

Second, keep warm

　　This year, the weather in the south is cold and cloudy, with frequent rain and snow; in the north it is dry and cold, with a big temperature difference between indoors and outdoors. With the onset of winter, it is important to do a good job of keeping warm indoors and outdoors, especially in the head and feet. Head because the highest position, and has a wealth of cerebral blood vessels, etc., for the dry cold tolerance is worse; and feet due to the farthest end of the heart, but also need to be carefully cared for.

Third.Rationalization of diet

　　First, attention should be paid to maintaining a low-salt diet, with a daily salt intake of ≤5 grams. Secondly, do not eat and drink a lot, especially if you eat too much at dinner, which leads to increased burden on gastrointestinal function, affects sleep, and is not conducive to blood pressure reduction.If your blood pressure fluctuates frequently in winter, then you must avoid food, less salt, less oil, drink more water, eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. It is advisable to eat easy-to-digest food with soup for dinner. Don't be afraid to drink water or eat congee for fear of urinating too much at night, you can eat your dinner a little earlier as appropriate.

Fourth, moderate activity

　　Winter morning temperature is lower than the average daytime temperature, hypertensive patients are also prone to cardiovascular events in the morning, so sports activities should not be selected in the morning. Those who have the habit of morning exercise should pay attention to the moderate amount of activity; when the weather is cold, the morning exercise time can be appropriately delayed, preferably after the sun comes out and then go out to exercise.

Fifth, it is not advisable to squat for a long time and use force to have a bowel movement

Elderly people are older, with poor gastrointestinal motility, and are at high risk of constipation. Vigorous defecation during constipation increases abdominal pressure, causing a sudden spike in blood pressure, which increases the risk for older people with pre-existing hypertension, heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore.Drink plenty of water and eat more plant fibers and coarse grains in your daily routine to prevent constipation and ensure smooth bowel movements.

Sixth, go to bed "earlier."

　　People with high blood pressure should not stay up late and go to bed before 11:00 pm. Experts say that 11:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m. or 3:00 a.m. is the body's best sleeping time, and missing this time period will greatly reduce the quality of sleep. Get up at 7:00 a.m. and take a half-hour nap at noon. If the lack of sleep is more likely to have unstable blood pressure, triggering cardiovascular disease.

Seventh, change bad habits

　　Smoking, alcohol abuse, and poor temper - all three are risk factors for high blood pressure. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and other diseases. Hypertensive patients are advised not to drink alcohol, and if they do, small amounts are recommended. Half of health is mental health, and half of disease is mental illness. In winter, it is more important to keep a calm mind so as not to cause blood pressure fluctuations due to anger and anxiety.

Eighth, good blood pressure monitoring

　　It is necessary for hypertensive patients to do a good job of daily blood pressure measurement and record, both to remind themselves to pay attention to their blood pressure; when they go to the hospital to see a doctor, it can also be used for the doctor's reference.

Ninth, take your medication on time

　　In the winter hypertension patients if you find that the blood pressure is unstable, you should promptly consult a doctor for guidance on whether you need to adjust the medication, usually should follow the doctor's instructions to standardize the taking of the medication, on time and in accordance with the amount, do not arbitrarily reduce the medication, stop taking the medication.

In the north, the cold winter is the old and middle-aged patients with hypertension and patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, the reason is: low temperature can make the surface of the blood vessel elasticity decreased, the peripheral resistance increases, so that the blood pressure rises. Serious cases can lead to cerebral vascular rupture bleeding, which is often referred to as stroke. Therefore, patients with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases must do a good job of self-maintenance in winter to prevent accidents.

What problems should hypertensive patients pay attention to in winter?

1. Keep warm and protect yourself from the cold.Avoid letting yourself freeze or get irritated by cold air. Especially when the temperature plummets, be sure to add clothing in a timely manner.
   

2.You still have to eat a low-salt diet.The daily salt intake should be less than 6 grams, preferably low sodium and high potassium salt. It is best to use less than 10 milliliters of soy sauce if soy sauce is available for cooking.You need to eat more foods high in potassium, vegetables should be eaten 400 to 500 grams per day and fruits 100 to 200 grams per day. Besides that.The diet of hypertensive patients should also be low in fat, and cooking oil intake should be strictly limitedThe average consumption of meat should not exceed 25 grams per day. Eat less or no fatty foods, such as doughnuts, cookies and some fried foods, and it is best to avoid fatty meats, meat oils and animal offal. Meat should try to choose lean meat to eat, not more than 100 grams per day on average. Dairy products 300 grams per day, it is best to choose low-fat milk or skimmed milk. This is going to prevent elevated blood lipids and atherosclerosis.

3.Appropriate physical activity and regular physical exerciseThis is a great way for people with high blood pressure to lose weight. Not only does this reduce weight for hypertensive patients, but most importantly, regular physical activity lowers blood pressure and also has a therapeutic effect. It can also improve glucose metabolism and prevent diabetes. Patients with high blood pressure are advised to engage in about 30 minutes of suitable physical activity every day, preferably aerobic exercise, such as walking, jogging, cycling and so on.

4.Maintaining a good mental stateSome studies have shown that a person's psychological state and emotions are closely related to the level of blood pressure. Long-term tension, anxiety, worry and other such bad emotions, as well as irregular life and work, will cause fluctuations in blood pressure, hypertension patients with long-term emotional instability, but also affect the effectiveness of the treatment of hypertension drugs.

5.You can't stop taking your medicine.. Patients with high blood pressure who are already taking antihypertensive medication for treatment are not allowed to stop the medication on their own. If they stop the medication suddenly on their own, about 5% of the patients may experience a substantial rebound in their blood pressure in about 40 hours. Therefore, patients with high blood pressure should adhere to the medication under the guidance of the doctor to keep the blood pressure at a more desirable level.

These are a few tips on winter self-care for people with high blood pressure, and I hope they will help you!

Author: Shanshan Chong

National Level II Public Nutritionist

National Senior Health Manager

Mr. Wang Xingguo Nutritional Special Training Class III Students

There is a relationship between high and low blood pressure and the seasons, with the general pattern being lowest in the summer, highest in the winter, and intermediate in the spring and fall.

The severity of hypertension

Hypertension has become one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in China, and the proportion is still rising, which can be described as a "spurt". More than 25% of Chinese adults already suffer from hypertension, and nearly half of the population aged 35-75 suffer from hypertension, while less than half are receiving treatment.

Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, as well as damage to many organs.

High and low blood pressure are related to the seasons

There is a relationship between high and low blood pressure and the seasons, which has been studied both at home and abroad. The general pattern is that it is lowest in summer, highest in winter and intermediate in spring and fall. Spring blood pressure shows a gradually decreasing pattern, while blood pressure in the fall is a gradually increasing pattern, the highest in winter. Seasonal changes in blood pressure have a greater effect on systolic blood pressure and a smaller effect on diastolic blood pressure.

In winter, the temperature is lower, due to the drop in temperature, the blood vessels will be contracted, and the blood inside is not reduced, at this time the pressure on the walls of the blood vessels is going to be greater, which is the reason why the blood pressure in winter is generally higher than in summer. In addition, due to the cold in winter, people will eat more
Some to keep out the cold, increased intake of calories and fat, and reduced outdoor activity, combined with a heavier mouth and over-salted food, can all contribute to higher blood pressure.

Two times when high blood pressure is more dangerous

The blood pressure of hypertensive patients, under normal circumstances, there will be two peaks of blood pressure every day, these two peaks, is a very high blood pressure patients need to pay attention to the time period, if the high peak blood pressure did not pay good attention to their own blood pressure status, and even do some prompted the rise in blood pressure behavior, it is very likely to lead to serious consequences.

6:00 to 8:00: After waking up in the early morning, blood pressure rises significantly with a first peak and then falls;

17:00 to 18:00: Toward evening, blood pressure rises again from a low point to a second peak.

Drug therapy for hypertensive patients needs to be carried out under the guidance of a doctor and should not be taken blindly, and treatment should be accompanied by life interventions, including weight loss, reduction of alcohol consumption, reduction of salt intake, smoking cessation and exercise.

A few things that people with high blood pressure must pay attention to

1. Salt control：The so-called salt control does not only mean controlling the consumption of the white salt that can be seen with the naked eye, but all foods with added salt (containing sodium) should be strictly controlled, such as soy sauce, tempeh, and soy sauce tofu, all of which have salt in them., so all of these sources of sodium have to be controlled as well.Bread, buns also have "salt", in accordance with the practice of making steamed bread is to put some alkali to make fluffy molding, alkali is sodium carbonate; in the process of making cakes many people like to put some baking soda, baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. Whether it is alkali or baking soda, are containing sodium, including all sodium-containing food salt.There are also noodles, some brands of noodles with high sodium content, two taels of noodles containing 1200mg of sodium, accounting for half of the daily recommended amount of salt.The Dietary Guidelines recommend that adults consume no more than 6 grams of salt per day, which is equivalent to 2.4 grams of sodium. Patients with high blood pressure should also reduce it appropriately on top of that.

When ordering when dining out, avoid dishes with strong flavors like shredded pork in Beijing sauce or sweet and sour fish. They are salty and sweet and taste especially good. In fact, salt is hidden in such dishes, and people with high blood pressure must avoid them as much as possible.Exemption;

2. Balanced dietEat more green vegetables (about 500 grams per day); moderate amount of fruits (200-350 grams); staple food should include whole grains, miscellaneous legumes, potatoes; about 300 grams of dairy products per day; no more than 75 grams of fish and meat per day; no more than one egg per day; no more than 25 grams of oil per day; eat less sweets, including all kinds of candies, pastries, and beverages; eat less food with added fats and oils such as doughnuts, fried food, cookies, instant noodles, fried food, etc.; eat more fried food; and eat more fried food. Eat less food with added fat, such as oil sticks, oil cakes, sesame flowers, cookies, instant noodles and deep-fried food;

3、Low sodium and high potassium diet：Low-sodium salt is recommended, eat less processed foods, such as: ham, sausage, instant noodles, etc.;Eat more foods rich in potassium.Fresh vegetables and fruits, such as fresh vegetables, especially leafy greens, mushrooms, seaweeds and citrus fruits, lean meats, poultry, fish, dairy products and legumes are also good sources of potassium;

4. Stop smoking and limit alcohol consumption:Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption are also among the risk factors for the development of hypertension;

5. Weight loss:Obesity is an important risk factor for hypertension;

6. Keep warm: Winter weather is cold, and the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is large in the north, so you should pay attention to keep warm when you go out to avoid drastic fluctuations in blood pressure;

7,Appropriate exercise or physical activity: Reduce sedentary time and exercise for more than 30 minutes a day, but avoid strenuous exercise and some forms of breath-holding.

I am a nutritionally savvy internist and a former dietitian for Air Force pilots. For more sharing, stay tuned. Thanks!

Around the fifth of last year, our hospital received a particularly critical patient who was typical of the hypertension patients who need to be warned.

55-year-old Mr. Wang usually do business in the South, it is hard to come back at the end of the year, excited to go to a party of old friends, because of the happy also drank some wine. Mr. Wang's friends know that he has high blood pressure, and did not let him drink more, just a few glasses of beer, but unfortunately, this indulgence or something happened. After a full meal, everyone left the table and went out. Unexpectedly, before Mr. Wang got into the car, he cried out with chest pains and then collapsed on the ground. Old classmates rushed to call an ambulance, sent to the doctor diagnosed as acute heart attack, good to send in a timely manner, after resuscitation, Mr. Wang out of a life-threatening situation.

What did you find in Mr. Wang's experience?

Temperature changes:Mr. Wang often live in the south, and the temperature difference between the north and the south is very big, suddenly from the south to the north for New Year's Eve, it is easy to keep warm to do not in place, and for patients with high blood pressure, suddenly suffered low-temperature stimulation will make the blood pressure fluctuations, increase the incidence of cardiovascular disease chances.

The party trap:China's food culture has a long history, and our unique socializing is the culture of the table, and not to mention the business of raising glasses, even the exchange of friends party is not without big fish and meat and alcohol to help, and the low temperature in winter and festivals, but also caused the singularity of the activities, hot pot is definitely the preferred choice to eat the number of gatherings become more, but also increased the chances of the emergence of bad lifestyle habits. (High-salt, high-fat diet, smoking and alcohol, frequent late nights)

So what should all hypertensive patients be aware of in the winter?

Keep warm and be aware of the temperature difference between indoors and outdoors:Hypertensive patients must pay attention to keep warm in winter, especially when going out, to protect the head, neck, feet and other parts of the body, wear a good hat, scarf, gloves, etc., when the outdoor temperature is too low, to minimize going out to prevent suffering from cold stimulation.

Get up slowly to prevent sudden positional changes:Hypertensive patients wake up in the morning, do not rush to get up, you should first lie on your back in bed, move your limbs and head and neck, so that the limb muscles and vascular smooth muscle to restore the appropriate tension to adapt to get up when the position changes, to avoid causing dizziness. Then slowly sit up, slightly move the upper limbs a few times, and then get out of bed, so that blood pressure will not have too much fluctuation.

Avoid morning exercise and exercise moderately:Morning rise is a high incidence of cardiovascular events, winter morning temperature is extremely low, for hypertensive patients, the danger is heavy, should be avoided morning exercise. You can wait for the sun to rise, and then exercise after the temperature rises, but also need to pay attention to avoid strenuous exercise, to low-intensity aerobic exercise is appropriate.

Relaxation: Adjustment of the mind.Maintain a pleasant mood, mood fluctuations can also lead to uncontrolled blood pressure, hypertension patients should manage their personal emotions at all times, and maintain an optimistic and calm state of mind.

Eat healthy and stay away from alcohol and tobacco:It is necessary to control the total calorie intake of the diet, eat less hot pot, fried food, animal food and other high-calorie, high-fat food, eat more dietary fiber-rich vegetables, fruits, coarse grains, etc., in order to meet the nutritional needs of the body at the same time, it is also necessary to control the dietary intake, to avoid overeating, eating too much and so on. In addition, be sure to stay away from tobacco and alcohol.

Hypertensive patients tend to have higher blood pressure than usual in winter time, and it will be more difficult to control, so patients should pay attention to monitoring their blood pressure, and if they find that their blood pressure is significantly higher than before, they should go to the hospital in time to see a doctor, and adjust the antihypertensive medication and dosage appropriately.

(I'm Luo Min, chief physician of a Grade 3A hospital, with more than 30 years of clinical experience in the first line of work of the "old" doctors, my efforts only to harvest everyone's approval, if my answer can help you, I hope you can like, attention, if you have any questions, you can comment or private message me, I will try to help everyone!)