1, what is blood pressure

Blood pressure refers to the lateral pressure, or piezometric force, exerted on the wall of a blood vessel per unit area as the blood flows through the vessel.

2, what is systolic blood pressure

When the heart contracts, the blood ejected from the ventricles exerts lateral pressure on the walls of the blood vessels, and the arterial pressure rises sharply, reaching a maximum in the middle of systole, when the value of blood pressure is called systolic blood pressure, also known as high pressure.

3, what is diastolic blood pressure

When the heart diastole, the blood temporarily stops ejection, the arterial vasculature elastic retraction, has flowed into the arteries of the blood by the elasticity of the walls of the blood vessels and the role of the tension to continue to flow, the walls of the blood vessels are still under pressure, the arterial pressure falls, in the end of diastole, the lowest arterial blood pressure is called the diastolic blood pressure, also known as the low pressure.

4, what is pulse pressure

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure is called pulse pressure. (The normal value of pulse pressure is between 30 and 40 mmHg)

Hypertension was diagnosed in adults with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg on non-identical 3 measurements of blood pressure without the use of antihypertensive medication.

Blood pressure, consists of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure, is the pulse pressure difference.

I. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure

We usually say high pressure, is the systolic pressure, refers to the heart contraction ejection, blood pressure on the blood vessel wall maximum value, at this time the aorta is full of expansion, to accommodate blood. Said low pressure, is the diastolic pressure, refers to when the heart diastole, the aortic valve closure, the aorta elastic retraction, is the minimum pressure value of the blood vessels on the blood, at this time relying on the elasticity of the blood vessels to continue to promote the blood flow forward.

When high pressure is elevated, it indicates that hardening of the large arterial vessels has occurred. Just like blowing up a balloon, when the walls of the balloon harden, it requires more force to blow, and this hardening of the large blood vessels is difficult to reverse. While the low pressure rises, indicating that the small arteries around the body have contracted and spasmed, resulting in the retraction of the large arteries when higher pressure is needed to push the blood to continue to move forward, and this contraction of the small arteries can mostly be relieved through treatment.

II. Significance of pulse pressure difference

The third indicator of blood pressure is the pulse pressure difference, which is the difference of high pressure minus low pressure, and the pulse pressure difference of a normal person is 20~60mmHg. When the pulse pressure difference increases, especially the manifestation of high pressure increase and low pressure decrease, it shows that the aortic vascular sclerosis has been developed to a very serious degree. Because the aortic vessels are severely hardened, the heart needs a very high pressure to deliver the blood, which is manifested as an elevated high pressure. The hardened aortic system is difficult to expand to accommodate blood, which leads to a weak retraction of the large arteries during the diastolic phase of the heart, manifesting as a decrease in low pressure and an increase in the pulse pressure difference.

Therefore, among the indicators of blood pressure, an increase in high pressure is more dangerous than an increase in low pressure. The most dangerous situation is when an increase in high pressure is combined with an increase in pulse pressure difference, i.e., a decrease in low pressure.. And this increased difference in pulse pressure is characteristic of hypertension in the elderly. When this occurs, it is important to be cautious, both to control the risk of increased high pressure and to beware of the risk of insufficient perfusion of organs due to decreased low pressure.

Third, lowering blood pressure to "keep an eye on" the blood pressure value

In those hypertensive patients with a modest increase in pulse pressure difference and a low pressure of 80 mmHg or more, antihypertensive medication can be taken normally.Keep an eye on your blood pressure and keep it above 60mmHg.。Especially for the elderly over 80 years old, blood pressure must not be lowered too much to avoid causing insufficient perfusion of vital organs such as the heart and brain, which may be dangerous.The target blood pressure was first set at 150/90 mmHg and then lowered to 140/90 mmHg when tolerated.

A combination of two antihypertensive drugs is recommended for hypertensive patients with high pressures over 160 mmHg. Start with a low dose and increase slowly. The more commonly used combinations of antihypertensive drugs are, 1, CCB (diphenhydramine) + ACEI (prilosec) or ARB (sartans); 2, CCB + thiazide diuretics; 3, ACEI or ARB + thiazide diuretics; 4, CCB + β-receptor blockers (lorazepam); 5, Note: The two classes of drugs, ACEI and ARB, are not to be used in combination.

For hypertensive patients whose low pressure reaches 60mmHg or less, it is recommended to first go to the hospital for a cardiac examination to find out whether there is a degenerative aortic valve or atresia, and according to the specific situation, the treatment will be carried out by a professional cardiologist, and it is not recommended to take medication by oneself.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the basis for lowering blood pressure. Eating a little less salt and oil and doing some proper exercise every day can effectively control blood pressure and slow down the degree of hardening of blood vessels. When taking medicines, you should be under the guidance of your doctor. If you find any problems in the process of using the medicine, please contact your doctor or pharmacist in time.I am Pharmacist Wazi, welcome to follow me and let me be the pharmacist by your side.