What we usually call cancer refers to all malignant tumors. At present, the main treatment means for cancer in the medical field are surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy and drugs, etc., but most of the clinical effects are not good. Most of the cancer patients either lose their money or give up the treatment because of financial reasons, old age, poor physical condition and other reasons.

Attacking cancer is the good wish of human beings, as for the exact time of the realization of this wish, honestly it is really hard to say. However, I believe that through the hard work of scientists, this day will eventually come in the near future.

Talk about some of the encouraging results:

1. The world's first tumor vaccine, the HPV vaccine, or cervical cancer vaccine, has been created, thus achieving primary prevention of cervical cancer. The vaccine is effective in preventing cervical cancer in women aged 9-45 years, and can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions by 90% when injected before a woman's first sexual intercourse.

2、Internationally, there have been cases of vaccination for melanoma treatment, and the therapeutic effect is exact.

3. This year's Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology was awarded to immunotherapy for cancer, which repairs holes in the immune system and helps immune cells to recognize and even destroy cancer cells. It is able to treat patients with advanced cancer that has metastasized widely and even some of the standard therapies have all failed. Today's Headlines - Dr. Zhang, Integrative Medicine

4. Gene-virus therapy refers to the difference in gene expression between normal cells and tumor cells, which makes certain genes necessary for viruses to replicate in normal cells not needed in tumor cells. Removal of these genes can make them specifically replicate in tumor cells but not in normal cells, thus prompting the apoptosis of cancer cells.

5. Scientists emphasize the importance of research on the basic idea of promoting the death of certain protective gene cells by inhibiting the expression of these cells, including, of course, promoting the death of cancer cells.

It is worth noting that cancer is related to heredity and environmental factors, things we can hardly change. But we can change our lifestyle, stay away from pickled, barbecued, smoked, fried, moldy foods and overnight cooked cabbage, sauerkraut, repeatedly boiled water, etc., do not hold urine, quit smoking, drink more vegetable juice, eat more onions, garlic, raw radish, limit high-fat diets, proper exercise and so on.

We have seen the light and sincerely hope that this day will come sooner. Help mankind to completely cure cancer patients and free mankind from the curse of cancer.

How long before mankind can cure cancer? What is meant by this question? Does it mean how long before cancer can be completely conquered and cured regardless of its condition? If that is the case, regrettably, I am afraid it can never be conquered, or that is extremely remote. In fact, not only cancer, except for a very small number of infectious diseases, no matter what the condition of the disease can certainly be cured, has not been unable to find a few, think about it, see how many you can think of? Those so-called minor diseases that you often see or hear about, or that you yourself often get, have they been completely conquered, and can definitely be cured no matter what the condition is? Or do they not cause death? No! Still, we can only say that in most cases it is okay, it can be cured, and it will not kill people, but there are still a few people who will relapse or reoccur, or even die of this disease, and sometimes a small cold can also kill people. Therefore, do not move to say that it is completely attacked.

If it's possible to cure, then it's safe to say that it's possible to cure cancer right now, some of it of course, not all of it. A lot of early cancers can be cured. Some will say, not early. But this question doesn't qualify it as late stage, it only says cancer, which of course includes early stage. What about late stage? Yes, most advanced stages are difficult to cure, but there are still a few advanced cancers that may be cured, though most are indeed incurable. However, with advances in medicine, some advanced cancers can be controlled in the long term with comprehensive treatment. In fact, a more realistic goal would be to make cancer a truly chronic disease that cannot be cured, but can be controlled in the long term without affecting normal life expectancy, but of course, you can't be left to your own devices, and you have to manage your lifestyle and so on. In this way, there is no need to always unrealistically say attack attack attack.

Both patients and physicians are well aware that cancer is not a single disease, but rather an umbrella term for a group of more than 100 diseases with the same characteristics, and that there is no single treatment for this complex group of diseases.Framing the strategy for cancer treatment as an exploration of a single drug or procedure is considered misguided. Many scientists advocate that rather than developing a panacea for all diseases, the focus should be on developing cancer-specific, or even patient-specific, treatments. Because cancer can occur in different body systems, and because different people have their own unique physiology and genetic backgrounds.Even cancers in the same body can vary greatly, and the same type of tumor in different parts of the body can respond differently to drugs. Cancer cells likewiseVery good at surviving, they can spread rapidly to multiple parts of the body and mutate, rendering existing drugs ineffective, especially if the cancer is at an advanced stage。

There is still a long way to go to cure cancer, but the future does look bright for some specific cancers, and thanks to a series of advances in medical technology over the past few decades that have led to more effective treatment options for many cancer patients, survival rates for some cancers are now very high.Medicine is now able to cure many types of cancer, breast cancer, most skin cancers, testicular cancer, Hodgkin's lymphoma and thyroid cancer are some of the cancers with high cure rates. a 2015 study in The lancet statistically analyzed data on the treatment of 25.67 million cancer patients in 67 countries around the world between 1995 and 2009. It was found that 5-year survival rates for colon, rectal and breast cancers have steadily increased in most developed countries. Among patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2009, 22 countries around the world had survival rates of 60 percent or higher for colon and rectal cancer, and for breast cancer, the five-year survival rate rose to 85 percent or higher in 17 countries around the world. However.Liver and lung cancers are lethal in all countries, with 5-year survival rates for both cancers below 20% in Europe, 15% to 19% in North America, and 7% to 9% in Mongolia and Thailand.

International comparisons of survival trends show very wide variations, with five-year survival rates for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia below 60 per cent in several countries but as high as 90 per cent in Canada and several European countries, suggesting major deficiencies in the management of an essentially curable cancer, possibly due to differences in early diagnosis and optimal treatment.earlyCancer tends to have better treatment outcomes, and the types of cancer that have higher mortality rates tend to be those that do not show any symptoms early on, and those that are often advanced when they do show symptoms.

That's a good question! Let me start by saying why is cancer so hard to cure?

These leaves are all leaves and they have a generic name. But are they the same? The answer is of course no, they are different in size, texture structure, color, shape, etc. That is why there is a saying that you can't find two leaves that are exactly the same. The same reasoning applies to cancer patients, who are almost hardly ever exactly the same, starting with the heterogeneity of tumors, and the evolutionary characteristics of tumor gene mutations.

tumor heterogeneity

First of all, look at the heterogeneity of the tumor, the same lung cancer, but different lung cancer patients have different genetic mutations in the primary lesions. In addition, for a tumor patient, if the lesion in his body has metastasized, such as the original breast cancer, which has metastasized to the liver and brain, then the genetic mutation information measured by genetic testing of the tissues taken from these lesions is also different. What is even more frightening is that for a certain lesion, we randomly puncture a piece of tumor tissue, which contains many kinds of tumor cell groups, in which each kind of tumor cell group, there are differences in genetic mutations.

tumor evolution

Genetic mutations in tumors are not fixed, but evolve dynamically and randomly at all times.

• Linear evolution: sequential emergence of tumor subclonal cells
• Branching evolution: subclonal cells of a tumor emerge independently, leading to tumor heterogeneity.

Cancer is an evolutionary thing, and this is not just manifested in the occurrence of cancer, but also affects its treatment. A very important feature of cancer cells is the failure of the system for correcting errors in the replication of genetically informative DNA, which means that one cancer cell undergoes division to produce two cancer cells, and the offspring cancer cells tend to produce a higher number of random genetic mutations.

Cancer is not fixed, it changes all the time under the pressure of drugs, the immune system, and internal competition, i.e., cancer will always randomly produce many genetic mutations in response to selective pressure for survival of the fittest.

Although it looks like a pustular lesion under the microscope, it's actually a small society inside that contains a wide variety of cancer cell populations, which is the heterogeneity of cancer and the biggest difficulty in treating it; no drug can kill so many cancer cell populations at once.

It's always inevitable that no matter what the drug is, it will be resistant. Unless they don't have distant metastases and you treat them by removing them completely. Otherwise there is really no cure for cancer at this point.

second-generation sequencing technology

We solve the problem of tumor heterogeneity by second-generation sequencing, which means that even though a lesion contains many populations of cancer cells, then it is possible to use second-generation sequencing to solve the problem by deepening the sequencing depth, which is also known as the average number of times each target gene base is measured. Let's say, for example, that there are three boxes

If there is only one color of ball randomly grabbed once on the line, you know the color of the ball. If there are many colors of balls in this box, and the number of balls of a certain color is very small, then what to do? Can only be captured many times, such as randomly captured 300 times, 1000 times, 10,000 times, then even if there are 100 balls in the box, only 1 is black, then according to the probability can be captured it out.

So sometimes, a cancer patient takes his or her own tissue samples from a few years ago for genetic testing, and in fact, even if it is detected, the significance is not particularly great, because cancer cells are constantly changing in the human body. It is best not to use tissue samples from more than a year ago for genetic testing, and the process cannot be that the targeted drug has become resistant, if it has, the genes of the tumor have also changed by a large gradient.

Therefore, we can say that there are no identical tumor patients in this world, but tumor patients can be similar to each other, that is, patients can find patients with high similarity to communicate and refer to their treatment plan and experience. However, it is important not to copy other people's treatment path exactly, maybe a certain drug is just sensitive to one person and resistant to another person.

Often times, we always hear things that are deplorable. Such as constantly persuading patients who are already physically unfit to undergo high-dose chemotherapy, "Be strong, ah, ride it out, do a few more courses of chemotherapy, the cancer cells will be killed off." Because each use of chemotherapy drugs only kills a certain percentage of cancer cells, many times it is more immune cells that are killed. Then there's targeted therapy, which hates to throw every possible drug in to kill the cancer cells cleanly, but it always goes against the grain.

Even if there is a gene mutation, suitable for the use of targeted drug therapy, targeted drugs are not eaten to the drug to the disease, or effective within a few days, not to cure the tumor, but in the survival time has been extended to a certain extent. No matter how expensive the targeted drugs are not effective in 100% of patients, and are destined to still be resistant.

So, cancer is not curable so far, and the best state is to live with the tumor, and it is best for everyone to live in peace and harmony!

So far, mankind has made three leaps in the fight against cancer, starting in 1943 with the use of various cytotoxic drugs, known as chemotherapy, to treat cancer.

Research on targeted drugs was initiated in 1990, and clinical application began in 2000. China is also widely used in the clinic after 2018. Compared with chemotherapeutic drugs, targeted drugs can selectively act on cancer cells, avoiding the toxicity that chemotherapeutic drugs bring to normal cells in the human body. So far, 2~3 generations of targeted drugs for different targets have been listed in China. It has brought a good news to the survival of advanced cancer patients.

In 2013 SCince magazine selected the top 10 technologies of 2013, and the top one is tumor immunotherapy. After several years of research and development, it is now widely used in China. It fights against cancer cells by activating the body's immune system. The advantage of this type of medicine is to kill residual cancer cells, improve the sensitivity of radiotherapy and reduce the payoff of radiotherapy. At present, PD1 and PD1L1 are on the market. Due to the application of bio-immune drugs, the survival rate of advanced non-small cell lung cancer has been increased from 4% to 16% in five years, and CAR 1T cell therapy has made the best choice for large B lymphocytoma.

Anti-hormonal therapy for breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cleft adenocarcinomas and included in the total treatment regimen for the tumor. Patients at intermediate risk should be treated with anti-hormonal therapy for 4 to 6 months, and patients at high risk should receive anti-hormonal therapy for 2 to 3 years.

At present, domestic and foreign tumor vaccine research and development work is in full swing, the listed tumor vaccines are, 1, HPV vaccine, to prevent human papillomavirus infection, to prevent cervical cancer plays an important role. HPV vaccine can prevent human papillomavirus infection and play an important role in the prevention of cervical cancer, and can also play a preventive role in the cancers of vagina, vulva, penis, anus, oral cavity, tongue, tonsils, etc. 2, Hepatitis B vaccine, most of the liver cancers are transformed from Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis B vaccine prevents Hepatitis B from occurring, which also prevents the occurrence of liver cancers. 3, Anterior cleft adenocarcinoma therapeutic vaccines, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the marketing of Pr0Venge therapeutic vaccines approved for the market. 4, Lung Cancer Therapeutic vaccines. CIMAVaX, a lung cancer vaccine developed by Cuba for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. By the late five-year survival rate increased to 16, 62%.

With the development of science and technology, the treatment pathway of tumor has been greatly expanded. However, clinically it is mostly based on surgery plus radiotherapy. Currently, the cure rate of early stage tumors has reached more than 90%. Thyroid cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, anterior fissure adenocarcinoma, testicular cancer, malignant lymphoma, lymphoblastic leukemia, etc. have been cured by more than 60~80% through treatment. The International Health Organization has designated cancer as a chronic disease in 2006, and the time of talking about cancer is gone. Science and technology are developing, human beings are progressing, and medical development is advancing by leaps and bounds. New drugs and techniques are constantly being developed to prevent and fight cancer. In the future, with the in-depth cellular immunotherapy, the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of cancer, genetic engineering and recombinant protein isolation and purification of research, cancer treatment and prognosis will be different every year.

It's hard to predict, maybe tomorrow, maybe a hundred years from now.

Illustration: erythrocyte-based extracellular vesicle gene therapy technology against tumors.

Medical knowledge is accumulating at an alarming rate these days, doubling roughly every 20 months.

No, there is a recent news that the City University of Hong Kong has developed a new technology for treating cancer, which has made the previously unrealistic fantasy possible to become a reality by drastically lowering the cost of treatment, by how much? By how much? By a factor of 100!

A long time ago, in the field of tumor treatment, a concept was proposed to create a special kind of vesicle that can fuse with cancer cells, to package the drugs in the vesicle and precisely deliver them to the tumor cells, without using the oral drug method, which can extremely improve the efficacy on the one hand, and also greatly reduce the toxicity of the drugs on the other hand, and even allow many drugs that are too toxic to be taken orally to be transported with this vesicle transport The method is used to treat patients, of course, for patients in the early and middle stages who have not yet metastasized. For drug-resistant cancers, it can also be used to induce cancer cells to commit suicide or reduce the degree of malignancy by means of gene delivery.

Illustration: vesicle-based gene therapy or drug delivery. Vesicles are loaded with specific ligands that fuse only with cancer cells. Greatly improves the precision of drug or gene delivery.

This idea was certainly attractive when it was proposed, but for so many years it was very, very expensive to make these vesicles that could transport drugs in the lab, and the speed of making them was touchingly slow, which made this beautiful-sounding idea completely impractical.

But just recently, the breakthrough came out of nowhere when a team of biomedical researchers at the City University of Hong Kong, using red blood cells as the basis, succeeded in developing vesicles that can transport drugs. The cost of such vesicles has dropped by 100 times, and it's estimated that vesicles made using this new technology will end up costing about HK$3,000 for a single injection. Red blood cells are the most abundant type of cells in the blood, which give our blood its red color, and by simply drawing about 100ml of blood from a patient's veins, enough vesicles can be created for one injection of the drug.

These vesicles are then injected into blood vessels near the tumor or through the muscle near the tumor. Test results have shown 80% effectiveness against a wide range of tumors, and injection through blood vessels can even treat leukemia, and Shi Jiahai, the research team's chief scientist, expects the technology to be officially in the clinic in five years. Their team is continuing to research means of vesicle modification to further increase the 80% effectiveness rate now tested in the lab, which could potentially be used to treat genetic diseases in the future.

Illustration: Group photo of the R&D team

I have cancer for the third time, and now I am living with tumor. I have completely lost confidence in modern Chinese and Western medical treatment, and feel that Western medicine's research is in the wrong direction, and that cancer can never be conquered by continuing to do so. In Chinese medicine, popping the Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine is regarded as written by God, and it is applied in a perfect and exaggerated way. What progress has been made in recent decades? If ancient Chinese medicine has been able to cure, only modern people did not apply it, even if it is or not, is a modern Chinese medicine people a shame. My second cancer western medicine treatment after a year, recurrence, seeking Chinese medicine treatment for a year to continue to deteriorate, always feel that Chinese medicine is a thousand and one to regulate the body most of the time instead of suppressing the immune system, Chinese medicine is also extremely exaggerated, I have no choice but to carry out self-help, in the search for the cancer cells as a living organism, but also has the general characteristics of living organisms, there should be a refusal to eat the phenomenon of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine should be the anticancer traditional Chinese medicine Internal inhibition means that the activity of cancer cells is inhibited after inhaling traditional Chinese medicine, while external inhibition means that the cancer cells refuse to eat traditional Chinese medicine but are inhibited by the living environment, and when the medicine has passed its effect, it has no effect on them at all. Recently, my understanding of cutting-edge science has confirmed the possibility of my belief. Under the self-clinical and continuous improvement, my condition stabilized, and after five years, I took samples of biochemical tests at the suspected recurrence site, and no cancer cells were found, so I confidently stopped taking the medicine for one year, and then when I was re-examined, there was actually an egg-sized suspected malignant tumor near the primary site, and the professor advised me to have an operation right away, and it was the third time I suffered from cancer, and I refused the regular treatment, and continued my self-clinical work, and then I re-examined the tumor after one year and it was shrunken to about the size of a ping-pong ball, and I regained hope. After one year's review, the tumor shrunk to the size of a ping-pong ball, which renewed my hope, and then I continued to put more efforts on the original foundation to try to wipe out the tumor earlier, and one year's review later, the tumor was a little bit bigger instead.

Summarizing my self-clinical experience in the past six years, Chinese medicine cannot cure cancer, my failure lies in "treatment", and my success lies in "therapy", which maximally inhibits the cancer cells and at the same time "treats" the normal cells and their body environment, but this is not enough. "But this is not enough, dietary therapy is equally important. My future clinical goal is to change the body constitution and restore the body system. The ultimate cure for cancer is to rely on autoimmunity.

I hope that I can give a hint to the Chinese medicine people, I hope that the hospital can give a harmonious and most effective treatment to the patients in the future, and I hope that I can find a complete cure for cancer earlier. As a patient, I realize the cruelty of suffering from this disease.

How long is it expected to take for mankind to overcome the problem of cancer?

Why are people concerned about this?

Because a lot of people are still suffering from cancer and can get it from anyone.

Although there are many ways to treat cancer nowadays, such as surgery, radiation therapy chemotherapy, and now targeted therapy.

But all of these methods also address some of the cancer patients and do not attack all of the cancers.

Is it still a question of whether mankind can conquer cancer?

Cancer treatment goes through several stages:

1. First stage, entity awareness stage.

People think that cancer is a tumor that grows on the body, so people think that as long as the cancer is removed, then the tumor can be cured, but the cruel reality educates us that many tumors, although removed, soon either recur or grow back in other locations.

Later, people realized that oncological diseases are not resected and can be completely cured later, so people distinguished that there are benign tumors and malignant ones. So it was thought that other methods of treatment were needed in addition to the removal of the tumor to a large extent.

2. Second stage, cellular level stage.

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are invented, but radiotherapy still belongs to local therapy. Chemotherapy belongs to systemic therapy, which is the application of chemotherapeutic drugs to kill tumor cells in the whole body, but its side effects are also very obvious, chemotherapeutic drugs can not only kill tumor cells but also normal cells, so it is very damaging to the body. And it is found that many chemotherapy drugs have no effect on some tumors at all.

3. Third stage, macromolecular level stage.

Later, people found that tumor cells are generated by normal cells through genetic mutation, and people can express specific proteins on cancer cells, so then there are targeted drugs, which can accurately reach the tumor cells while causing little damage to normal cells, and they are also very effective for some patients with advanced cancers, so this is a milestone of significance.

It was later discovered that some tumor cells altered their expression again and became resistant to targeted drugs.

Breakthroughs in treatment are predicated on breakthroughs in understanding.

Every time the treatment of cancer has made great progress, it is due to the depth of people's understanding of tumors, and from the current level of our understanding of tumors, it is difficult to completely cure tumors, so to completely attack cancer is the first and foremost in the theory and understanding of the level of depth, and this theory and understanding of the level of depth, and it is difficult to say when a great breakthrough can be made.

But historically treating bacterial infections has been a good precursor.

In the face of infections, no matter how many methods we come up with and how good drugs we develop, new bacteria or drug-resistant bacteria are discovered, the ones people say are superbugs.

I think the tumor cells are constantly changing as well, so I think our next step is more important to treat more cancers, and it's really hard to completely attack all of them, and it's not very optimistic.

But I still hope that mankind can conquer cancer, and the sooner the better, and at a cost that everyone can still afford.

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For cancer, it is true that it is still difficult to talk about a complete cure, but it is also true that in recent years, the treatment of cancer has changed dramatically, and the survival period of advanced cancers has been prolonged.

When we say that cancer is difficult to cure, we mean advanced cancer, because distant organ metastases have already appeared, and surgery can no longer do the job of removing cancer foci, and drug treatment is difficult to kill all cancer cells, especially in the old days when only radiotherapy was available, with high toxicity and side effects, poorly tolerated by the patients, and with the tumors being resistant to the drugs, treatment failure is inevitable.

However, in recent years, with the introduction of precision targeted therapy, some cancers have been effectively controlled. Targeted drugs are powerful in killing cancer cells and have less effect on normal cells, so they have fewer side effects and are more effective. At present, some cancers already have good targeted drugs, and with the popularization of these drugs in the clinic, some cancers have even reached long-term control. For example, there are many people who have survived for more than 5 years for some advanced breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer.

In recent years, with the introduction of immunotherapy, the treatment of cancer has been taken to another level. For patients who do not have the opportunity of targeted therapy, immunotherapy often has a good therapeutic effect, and once the immunotherapy is effective, the effect is relatively long-lasting, and it is expected to control the cancer condition in the long term. For example, non-small cell lung cancer without gene mutation is often well treated with immunotherapy, and the current follow-up data show that there are no longer a few patients with a survival period of more than 5 years.

In conclusion, while a complete cure for advanced cancer is still difficult, we are seeing the light as more and more ways and means of controlling it are becoming available, making some of the cancers chronic and controlling them over the long term.

It is difficult to answer the question of when cancer will actually be cured. The standard of cure should be that the tumor is eradicated, there is no recurrence and metastasis, and the patient survives for a long time. According to this standard, some tumors have already achieved cure. The vast majority of early stage solid tumors, after surgery, have a 5-year survival rate of more than 90%, with a very low recurrence rate of about 5%. Therefore, most of the early stage cancers have already achieved cure.

As for tumors in the middle stage, some patients can achieve cure through surgery, radiotherapy and targeted therapy. The treatment effect is different for different types of tumors. Breast cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, certain types of lymph nodes and leukemia have better prognosis, good treatment effect and high radical cure rate. Liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and stomach cancer are more malignant and have poorer treatment effects.

For most patients with advanced tumors and systemic metastases, it is difficult to achieve radical cure with current treatments because tumor cells have appeared everywhere in the body, and radiotherapy may be resistant to drugs, making it difficult to achieve radical cure. Currently, the more popular treatment means are immunotherapy, including PD-1 and CART immunotherapy, which have very good therapeutic effects on melanoma, hematological tumors, and certain types of colorectal cancer, and even for advanced tumors, it can achieve radical cure.

Therefore, it has been asserted that mankind will completely eradicate tumors in this century, so let's look forward to this day together.