First, find out what oral hypoglycemic medications are commonly used and what are the side effects of each?

According to the pharmacological action can be divided into the following categories

i. Insulinotropic drugs

Sulfonylurea insulinotropic drugs include glibenclamide, glimepiride, gliclazide, and gliquidone;Non-sulfonylurea insulinotropic drugs include repaglinide and nateglinide.

II. Biguanides

The main metformin drug used clinically is metformin.

III. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Domestically marketed drugs in this class include acarbose, voglibose, and miglitol.

IV. Insulin sensitizers

The insulin sensitizers currently available in China are pioglitazone and rosiglitazone.

V. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Domestically marketed Liraglutide and Exenatide.

VI. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

Representative drugs include selegiline, saxagliptin, and alogliptin.

Below are the common adverse reactions to each type of medication

1, the common adverse reactions of sulfonylurea insulin secretion drugs are hypoglycemia, metallic taste in the mouth, loss or enhancement of appetite; the blood system is commonly reduced granulocyte count, thrombocytopenia, etc..

2. Common adverse effects of non-sulfonylurea insulinotropic drugs are hypoglycemia and weight gain, mild cough, and respiratory tract infections.

3, the common adverse reactions of bimatoprost are diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, fatigue, bitter taste in the mouth and abdominal discomfort.

4. Common adverse reactions to alpha glucosidase inhibitors are bloating, abdominal pain, increased gas, and bowel sounds.

5. The common adverse reactions of insulin sensitizers are anemia, decreased hemoglobin, increased blood volume, etc.; grief and myalgia are common in the bone and joint system.

6. Common adverse reactions to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea, dyspepsia, vomiting, and weight loss.

7. Typical adverse reactions to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors include pharyngitis, rhinitis, upper respiratory tract infections, and urinary tract infections.

Rational selection of hypoglycemic drugs can be applied singly or in combination. Relevant doctors should be consulted for rational use of medication to effectively control blood glucose and reduce adverse effects.

The incidence of diabetes continues to rise, has become the world's highest morbidity and mortality rate of one of the diseases, according to WHO data statistics, the world has 185 million diabetic patients, by 2025 the number of diabetic patients around the world will reach 333 million. In the rapidly increasing number of diabetic patients, type 2 diabetes accounted for at least 90% of the total number of patients, for diabetic patients, poor glycemic control will cause a number of diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, so how to maintain normal blood glucose in these patients? In addition to strengthening exercise and diet control, taking hypoglycemic drugs is essential.

Are there any side effects of long-term use of hypoglycemic drugs? What are they? This is the question that every diabetic is worried about.

Commonly used oral hypoglycemic agents include sulfonylureas, biguanides, insulin sensitizers, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

1. Common adverse reactions to sulfonylureas: skin irritation, gastrointestinal discomfort, drowsiness and neuralgia, and also liver damage. A small number of patients have leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia, so regular liver function and blood tests are required. A more serious adverse reaction is persistent hypoglycemia.

2. Common adverse effects of biguanides: In addition to adverse effects such as loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal discomfort and diarrhea, they can also cause serious adverse effects such as lactic acidemia and ketonemia.

3. Common adverse reactions to α-glucosidase inhibitors: mainly gastrointestinal discomfort, with abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, bowel sounds, loss of appetite.

4. Common adverse reactions to insulin sensitizers: low incidence of hypoglycemia. The main manifestations are drowsiness, muscle and bone pain, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

5. Common adverse reactions to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: gastrointestinal discomfort, weight loss, etc.

6. Common adverse reactions to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: gastrointestinal discomfort, pharyngitis, urinary tract infections, myalgia, arthralgia, etc.

For diabetic patients, hypoglycemic drugs are like a double-edged sword, which can help patients effectively control blood sugar and reduce the risk of chronic complications, but may also bring certain side effects to the organism. In order to ensure the safety of medication and avoid the occurrence of unnecessary side effects, it is recommended that patients choose the right medication for themselves under the guidance of a physician, and not blindly choose their medication.

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Long-term oral hypoglycemic drugs this problem has to be said from two sides. On the one hand, from the point of view of Western medicine, once diagnosed with diabetes, in the diet and exercise treatment still can not reach the blood glucose standard, the use of hypoglycemic drugs is inevitable, including oral drugs and insulin. The biggest side effect of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin is hypoglycemia. Long-term oral hypoglycemic agents with stable blood glucose should be taken for a long time, and must be used when there is no serious damage to liver and kidney function. In the case of normal liver and kidney function, long-term oral hypoglycemic drugs have no significant damage.

On the other hand, from the Chinese medicine point of view, long-term oral hypoglycemic drugs is to break the balance of yin and yang of the organism, blood sugar from Chinese medicine can be understood as yang, hypoglycemic drugs are yin, long-term oral hypoglycemic drugs, equivalent to promoting yin qi, the body's yang qi is seriously impaired, stasis of blood stagnation will occur, and complications will occur gradually.

Therefore, in the treatment of many diseases, there are different understandings and treatment ideas between Chinese and Western medicine.

These are personal opinions only and do not represent any collective or academic school of thought. If you don't like it, don't bang it!