Bronchitis and emphysema is a common disease of the elderly, especially in the smoking and long-term inhalation of toxic gases in the population, chronic bronchitis and emphysema long-term development of the end-stage manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, referred to as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is in fact, and high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease alongside one of the four major chronic diseases, but with the first three diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by the degree of attention is far from being enough, many patients do not get standardized diagnosis and treatment, and even some patients know that they have been suffering from the disease and miss the best time for treatment. However, compared with the first three diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has not received enough attention, and many patients do not receive standardized diagnosis and treatment, and some patients even do not know that they have already suffered from this disease and have not received diagnosis and treatment for a long time, thus missing the best time for treatment. Generally speaking, patients who have been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis emphysema need to pay attention to the following points.

First you need to determine if you already have COPD

Chronic bronchitis if you do not pay attention to the diagnosis and treatment, basically lung function will gradually decline, when down to a certain degree and irreversible, it enters the stage of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, this stage, the patient basically will not be comfortable, slow obstructive lung is characterized by coughing and coughing and wheezing symptoms can not be completely restored to normal, usually will be more or less some of the symptoms, the treatment at this stage and the stage of chronic bronchitis is not the same as the treatment. In this stage of treatment and chronic bronchitis stage of treatment is not the same, need to inhale bronchodilator drugs to control.

Requires long-term oxygen therapy

This is a lot of patients are not too concerned about, especially many patients with hypoxia, not too accept long-term home oxygen therapy, for fear of forming a dependency, in fact, hypoxia and starvation, hungry to eat, hypoxia should be supplemented with oxygen, otherwise the whole body organs are soaked in low-oxygen blood, long-term damage instead of affecting the life expectancy and quality of life.

Ensure adequate sleep

Chronic bronchitis patients will suffer from insomnia for a long time, which on the one hand, and the disease patients are easy to cough and cough phlegm asthma symptoms at night, on the other hand, the body's regular carbon dioxide can not be fully eliminated, stimulate cerebral nerve excitation has a certain relationship, it is recommended that the patient use some of the asthma phlegm medication to control the condition before bedtime, and at the same time you can soak your feet before going to bed and drink some milk, so that the brain blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract and the lower limbs, which is conducive to promoting sleep. gastrointestinal tract and lower limbs, which is conducive to promoting sleep.

Pneumonia and influenza vaccinations

Bronchitis and emphysema patients are most afraid of the cold, patients around someone sneeze will lead to the patient is infected, and once the cold will soon cause bronchitis attack, so the injection of pneumonia vaccine and influenza vaccine for bronchitis and emphysema patients have the role of preventing infection, to maintain the stability of the disease.

Management of other comorbidities

Diseases will interact with each other before, and most of the chronic bronchitis patients are more than 40 years old, this group of people often suffer from diabetes, high blood pressure, etc., especially diabetes, if you can't control the blood sugar well, it may lead to poor immunity, causing recurrent attacks of bronchitis, in addition, chronic bronchitis, if you don't quit smoking, the likelihood of lung cancer is higher than that of the bronchitis patients who quit smoking, so Regular review of chest CT is needed to find problems that require timely treatment.

For reference, I believe that middle-aged and elderly people with bronchial and emphysema should pay attention to the following points.

1, pay attention to keep warm, now has entered the winter, the temperature dropped significantly, winter is not only cold and dry, is the upper respiratory tract infection season. For patients with bronchitis and emphysema, once to "on the sense of 'attack will certainly aggravate the condition. So keep warm to prevent colds.

2, pay attention to personal hygiene, go out to wear a mask, wash your hands often, often ventilated, and reduce the number of people gathering place.

3, pay attention to the diet, daily water intake of not less than 1500 milliliters. May be appropriate to eat more cough and asthma, moisten the lung expectorant food, such as white fruit, white radish, lily and so on. Avoid eating raw and cold, too salty, spicy, greasy and tobacco and alcohol and other stimulating food. Do not rush into the park, quit smoking as early as possible.

4, it is recommended that human immunoglobulin injections be given in late fall and winter to increase immunity to prevent onset of infection.

Emphysema is a lung expansion caused by the increase of lung residual air volume due to the weakening of lung tissue elasticity and retraction of the elderly. It is a fundamental way to improve lung function by paying attention to normal care and improving health and resistance.

First of all, emphysema patients should pay attention to dietary modification, emphysema patients with phlegm easy to wheeze, the diet should be asthma clear phlegm and moisten the lungs of the food is good, carrots, pumpkin, cabbage, tofu and other foods are very good, can not eat spicy and stimulating food and easy to produce gas food, spicy and stimulating food will stimulate the mucous membranes of the trachea aggravate the condition, gas-producing food will lead to wheezing aggravation, so chili, pepper, sweet potatoes, leeks can not be Eat.

Secondly, to quit smoking and drinking, smoking and drinking are the habits that most affect the health of the human body, and smoking produces nicotine and other strong stimulation of the mucous membrane of the trachea, which will make the disease recur and then aggravate the disease, and drinking alcohol will also aggravate the disease.

Finally, pay attention to strengthen exercise, exercise can make the human body full of vitality, enhance human resistance and immunity, emphysema patients itself weak resistance, strengthen exercise is very necessary, but the exercise can not be too strenuous, usually can jogging, playing Tai Chi, and must be long-term persistence, in order to achieve results.

My mother had this disease! I heard my mother say that she got bronchitis from some kind of contagious disease when she was a child and ate food with garlic in it. I don't know if that's the reason, but I've never been able to find out! As my mother got older and older, she slowly developed emphysema, and eventually heart disease!

My mother died in 2005 at the age of fifty-five! In hindsight, I think that my mother could have lived another three to five years if she had avoided many causes that year!

I got married early, and when I did, my father divided the family. My younger siblings were still in school. After 2,000 years, my brother started working, found a partner and prepared to get married, and because the family couldn't keep up with the income from buying a house, my father started to go out to work.

In 2005, just after New Year's Eve my father left for the coal mines, the days were warming up and the temperature was rising. It was time to spray herbicides on the wheat in the fields. Mother carried a bucket of medicine to spray. Mother was a strong character, and she finished the day's work in half a day. Due to the work rushed tight, walking fast in the field, sweating, took off a piece of clothing, who wanted to catch a cold!

The next day, my daughter called me and told me that my grandmother was not feeling well with a cold and asked me to take her to the doctor on my motorcycle! (My daughter has been living with my mother.) I took my mother to a very famous clinic in our area, and the doctor asked her to stay for two days, prescribed medicines, and put in needles and fluids; the first day was normal, and the second day, I felt that my mother was not in good condition, and her spirit was getting worse and worse, and she was told to be very slow in responding.

I rushed to find a doctor, the doctor analyzed, let go to the county hospital. I think things are serious, I called my father to discuss, decided not to go to the county hospital, rent a car and go directly to the provincial hospital two hundred kilometers away. While waiting for my father to return, I went to the phone to find a car to raise money.

My father took my mother to the provincial hospital and stayed there for more than twenty days. Upon returning home, my father said that by the time he arrived at the hospital, my mother had entered a subconscious coma and had been resuscitated for a day and a night!

After my mother came back from hospitalization, she stayed with my brother and found a Chinese medicine practitioner nearby to take Chinese medicine to regulate her health. After a few months, her body gradually recovered a lot!

Autumn harvest, corn received one after another in the sun, but the rainy weather began, more than twenty consecutive days, the corn looks to sprout, mother looked also anxious! In order to buy a house for his brother, his father contracted a dozen acres of land that year and the original total of more than 20 acres of fields, all corn. This bad words, the house money from enough, even further away.

When it's not raining, uncover the raincloth and spread it out. When it rains, gather it up and cover it again. My mother was so tired that she almost collapsed! After working for more than a month, I finally planted the wheat!

In the countryside, there were eight months of farming time after planting wheat. But in order to increase his income, his father went to work in the coal mine. Mother stayed at home to feed the pigs and goats, and there wasn't much else to do!

In the early morning of October 6, I received a call from my uncle in my sleep, saying that my grandfather had passed away! My uncle told me to go with my mother to see my grandfather off for the last time after sunrise! My mother and I rushed to my uncle's home, first to see my grandfather, only to see half of my grandfather's face bruises, does not seem to have just died! My mother asked my uncle what was going on! Uncle said, Grandpa got up the night before, did not stand well, head down, knock! Today in the middle of the night, the uncle was not assured, came to grandpa's house to see, I do not know when grandpa in the night has passed away! Mother didn't say a word after hearing this! I could tell she was angry! Mother guarded in front of Grandpa's bed for a long time, uncle went out, said to me, your grandfather is a fall knocked dead, when to go, no one knows!

Relatives came one after another. Grandpa left in a hurry and nothing was prepared. Relatives together agreed to cremation the next day, the third day of the funeral and burial! These three days, I can see that my mother is very tormented, hurt and desperate not to say a word, not a cry! But I can't do anything about it, I can't do anything for her!

My mother and I returned home, probably hungry, my mother drank a big bowl of rice! My mother and I discussed with the joint family, before it gets cold, there is my daughter-in-law cooking, and when it gets cold, send her to stay at her brother's place, where there is a heater! Mother is afraid of the cold, to prevent her from catching another cold! Mother also agreed!

Early the next morning, my daughter-in-law returned to her mother's residence, my daughter-in-law finished cooking and went to call her mother, her mother answered, and then did not say anything, my daughter-in-law felt that something was wrong. Then she called me. When I rushed over and called my mother, my mother only looked up at me, the sound did not come out! My soul, I called my brother, called the emergency vehicle to the home, I also find a car to send my mother to the city, there are fifty or sixty kilometers away, ah, when the highway was under repair, for fear of delaying the time!

I sat in the car with my mother in my arms, and not even halfway through the trip, before I met up with my brother, who was rushing back in an emergency vehicle, my mother had passed away!

It was a year of all these things, rushed together! The aggravation of pulmonary heart disease caused by the cold in the spring, overwork in the fall, coupled with the sudden and unexpected death of my grandfather, this is the biggest psychological blow, so that my mother sadness and grief to the extreme! Oi!

Bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease. Some of the sick middle-aged and elderly people must pay attention to keep warm, can not catch a cold and fever, or it is very serious! You can't let them work hard! More importantly, you can't let them get angry and sad! My mother died entirely because of this! I keep thinking that if it hadn't been for these things this year, my mother might have had no problem living another three or five years! But what's the use of regretting?

Middle-aged and older people with bronchitis and emphysema need to follow their doctor's instructions to take medications and receive treatment. At the same time, it is important to quit smoking, wear a mask when going out, and use a humidifier indoors to avoid irritants. In addition, they should be vaccinated to prevent respiratory infections。

The following "ask the doctor" for your detailed introduction to bronchitis and emphysema, as well as the precautions for middle-aged and elderly people, I hope to solve some of your confusion.

1. What is bronchitis?

Bronchitis is inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air in and out of the lungs. Symptoms that occur in both acute and chronic bronchitis include coughing, coughing up sputum, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, and mild chills or fever.

As middle-aged and older people age, their lung function deteriorates and the symptoms of bronchitis may become more severe.

2. What is emphysema?

Emphysema is a disease that causes shortness of breath. The patient's alveoli are damaged, the surface area of the lungs is reduced, and the lungs are exposed to less blood oxygen.

The main symptom of emphysema is the gradual onset of shortness of breath. It starts with feeling short of breath when exercising, and progresses to shortness of breath even when resting. Other symptoms include fatigue and weakness, frequent coughing, difficulty exercising and chest tightness.

3. What do middle-aged and elderly people with bronchitis and emphysema need to pay attention to?

Both diseases can occur at the same time, and active treatment and lifestyle changes can help middle-aged and older adults be less troubled.

(1) Specialized treatment

• veterinary drug: If coughing interferes with sleep, take cough medicine. Other inhaled medications can help reduce inflammation and open narrowed passages in the lungs.
  

• Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: Some breathing exercises and techniques can help reduce breathing difficulties, such as exhaling slowly like blowing out a candle.
  

• absorb oxygen: If there is severe emphysema along with low blood oxygen levels, regular oxygen can provide some relief.
  

(2) Lifestyle changes

Avoid irritants

• tobacco cessation: Smoking causes irreversible damage to the lungs and it is the most common cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
  

• Avoid lung irritation: Second-hand smoke, air pollution or harsh household cleaners are irritants and must be avoided at all costs.
  

• Wear a mask outside: Cold air in winter can irritate the airways and worsen coughing and shortness of breath. Wearing a mask in other seasons avoids irritants.
  

• Use of humidifiers: Warm, moist air helps relieve coughs and reduces mucus in the airways.
  

exercise to reduce stress

• regular exercise: Regular exercise can restore lung strength and increase lung capacity. Middle-aged and elderly people can exercise for half an hour a day, and walking may be one of the best choices.
  

• Learn to relax and de-stress: Anxiety and tension can exacerbate the symptoms of chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and middle-aged and elderly people can find relief by doing Tai Chi and deep breathing.
  

Preventing infections

• vaccination: Make sure you get your flu shot and pneumonia vaccine every year, as recommended by your doctor.
  

• Prevention of respiratory infections: Try to avoid direct contact with people who have a cold or the flu. Wear a mask and wash your hands frequently during flu season.
  

Tip: Middle-aged and older people with bronchitis and emphysema can protect themselves by treating them, avoiding irritants, exercising to reduce stress and preventing infections.

The above content is compiled by "Ask the Doctor" from the American Family Physician's Think Tank, for more authoritative and interesting health knowledge, welcome to follow us!

on account ofSmoking environment, etc.The incidence of chronic bronchitis emphysema is now increasing, especially among the rural elderly. Some people have very poor lung function, which seriously affects their quality of life, and they have to stay in the hospital a few times a year because they gasp for breath when they walk a little on level ground.

Chronic bronchitis, characteristic of emphysema

Chronic bronchitis is typically characterized byRepeated cough, sputum or wheezing (two consecutive years, lasting three months)). The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in the Chinese population is about 3.2%.Smoking is the biggest risk factor for his development and exacerbation... Chronic bronchitis that persists year-round accelerates the progression of obstructive emphysema. Emphysema is a decrease in airway elasticity in the distal segments of the terminal bronchioles, with hyperinflation, hyperinflation and increased lung volume. Further exacerbation can lead to pulmonary heart disease, which can severely affect quality of life. The following figure shows a typical chest radiograph of emphysema

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema control

1,tobacco cessationBecause smoking accelerates the progression of emphysema, it is most important to stop smoking.

2.Avoid cold and fluPatients with chronic emphysema should know that every time they get a cold or flu, they will have a persistent cough for a long time. Repeated episodes can also accelerate the progress of the disease.

3.Respiratory exercises: Make abdominal breathing, shrink the lips deep and slow exhalation, in order to strengthen the activity of respiratory muscles, increase the mobility of the diaphragm, which can effectively improve lung function.

4.Home Oxygen Therapy: By the stage of obstructive emphysema and pulmonary heart disease, adherence to daily low-flow oxygen can prolong life.

5. Appropriate outdoor exercise: e.g. qigong, tai chi, breathing exercises, quantitative walking or stair climbing exercises.

Welcome to your attention

Chronic bronchitis is a chronic non-specific inflammation of the mucosa of the airways and bronchi and their surrounding tissues. Emphysema, now classified as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD for short), is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation, which tends to be progressive. Bronchitis that progresses slowly often complicates COPD. Based on your description, your grandmother has progressed from bronchitis to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is more severe, with limited mobility, and may be accompanied by pulmonary heart disease. Severe chronic obstructive lung has particularly poor lung function, dyspnea, and higher risk. Patients with emphysema should be aware of the following:

I. Regular use of medication to keep COPD in a stable phase. As long as COPD patients are in a stable phase, there is no life-threatening risk. At this stage, the regular daily use of bronchodilator and glucocorticoid combination inhaler can make COPD in a stable period.

Second, smoking cessation is the only treatment that has been shown to change the course of COPD disease. COPD patients can benefit from quitting smoking at any time, and passive smoking can also lead to respiratory symptoms and the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Therefore, patients with COPD should quit smoking and avoid receiving second-hand smoke.

Third, occupational dust, chemical substances, biofuel fumes, etc. are high-risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, avoiding the irritation of the respiratory tract by fumes, dust and irritating gases.

Fourth, respiratory infections can exacerbate the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and even cause the deterioration of COPD, which is the trigger for many COPD patients to be admitted to hospitals for treatment. In daily life, emphysema patients should pay attention to keep warm, strengthen nutrition and avoid colds.

Fifth, in terms of dietary therapy, you can intake of high-protein, low-fat, dietary fiber-rich and easy-to-digest foods, such as egg custard, nutritious porridge, green vegetables, etc., to avoid diet or defecation to increase the consumption of oxygen, aggravate the symptoms of dyspnea.

References: 1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Group of the Respiratory Disease Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013 revised edition)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory,2013,36(4):1-10;2. Zhao Ying et al. A preliminary analysis of smoking and smoking cessation status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Journal of Capital Medical University, 2016, 37 (5) :579-582.

Author: Xiong Zhaogang, Pharmacist-in-Charge, Xi'an Chest Hospital, Member of Pharmacy Network

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

Presenting my personal experience for your information only.

My father was suffering from chronic bronchitis and emphysema for many years before he died at the age of seventy-three. Before his death, his bones were as thin as wood, and the edema in both lower limbs did not go away.

Summarizing my father's medical history, I learned that:

(a), a lifelong smoker and drinker, a strong and violent temper, a lover of spicy vegetables such as onions, garlic and chili peppers, and even after the disease, he still does what he wants and his tastes do not change.

(b), a lifelong farmer, long-term wind, rain, summer heat, winter fight cold, as a production team leader, was overworked and vomited blood, usually reckless, seldom care about their own bodies. Personally, my father has smoked and drank for many years, has a hot and impatient personality, favors spicy food, is often overworked, and usually does not care about his own body, these five belong to the category of the seven emotions and six desires, which is probably the external cause of his illness, isn't it?

(C), late in life when the disease is serious, there are seven fears: one is afraid of drinking, two are afraid of salty dishes, three are afraid of feeling toxicity, four are afraid of sports, five are afraid of staying up late, six are afraid of wind and cold, seven are afraid of anger. These seven points are the taboos after getting sick, here honestly, for your reference.

(D), due to earlier years, the lack of medicine in rural areas of the Northeast, the old man usually only oral aminophylline and lung treasure three effects to maintain the status quo, once aggravated coughing and wheezing, day and night restlessness, the only water infusion, in short, has not been cured, the body is deteriorating. Recall that my father died that year, I once handwritten for him to write an elegy:

Uppercase:

The legacy of hard work and teaching our children has been passed down from generation to generation.

Bottom line:

Geng is a man of integrity, and his temperament enlightens the future generations.

Crossword:

all is lost

In the twinkling of an eye, thirty years have passed. I used to burn paper and mail plutonium for my parents many times during the Qingming Festival, and I used to write a poem to honor the Seven Ancient Poets:

I look at my hometown road and see 5,000.

Her mother and mother are buried in the border mountains.

The clouds cover the fog and the wind sends the song.

The tree accompanies the flower and the moon to give the dan.

He was born in the land of heavenly treasures.

After death the merit stays in the world.

One book of a thousand branches of a tree.

The Yangtze River and all its schools are of the same origin.

The work of our ancestors has been passed on to a hundred generations.

Loyalty to the nation and filial piety to the family for a thousand years.

Tears in my eyes as I write my eulogy.

Following the past is always forward!

Now, our country is getting stronger and stronger, the world's medical technology is getting more and more advanced, and our life is getting happier and happier. I believe that one day, those so-called incurable diseases will be overcome and cured! The life span of human beings will be gradually extended.

1, keep the airway open: often use the asthma sprayer, twice a day spray inhalation. 2, remove phlegm: apply various measures to promote the patient's phlegm expulsion, such as the application of bronchodilators, expectorants, or patting the chest and back, can also be in the patient's deep inhalation with the hand pressure on the lower chest or the upper abdomen, so that the patient coughing to expel phlegm. 3, strengthen the nutrition, light diet, and participate in all kinds of exercise, walking, taijiquan, gymnastics. 4, cold water to wipe the face, cold water to wipe the body; can start from the summer, or in the summer. 5, traditional Chinese medicine treatment: the use of beneficial lung, spleen, tonifying the kidneys and other traditional Chinese medicines, to support and consolidate the root of the disease.

Thank you:These two diseases are more difficult chronic diseases, especially in winter, bronchitis and emphysema is easy to develop season; after the stimulation of the cold air, easy to cause tracheal spasm, resulting in patients with respiratory difficulties in winter must reduce the number of times out of the house, if you want to go out, you must take a mask, to add appropriate clothing, but also to avoid wearing too much caused by sweating, which will aggravate the condition, in the daily diet also To pay attention at all times, eat easily digestible food, such as potatoes, cabbage, fresh fruit, do not eat stimulating food, such as chili peppers, leeks, etc., to improve their resistance to disease, in order to prevent colds and reduce the incidence of morbidity. This good treatment and maintenance, this disease will slowly improve.