Montelukast sodium is a medicine that may have been used by many people, especially children. This drug belongs to the group of leukotriene receptor antagonists. The so-called leukotrienes, which are supposed to be mediators of inflammatory substances, mediated by leukotrienes, are able to cause a variety of inflammation in the respiratory system, resulting in increased airway reactivity, bronchoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability of the nasal mucosa. Thus, it will lead to allergic rhinitis, asthma and other allergic diseases. When the binding of leukotrienes to receptors is blocked by montelukast sodium, then leukotriene-mediated allergic reactions are reduced.

The main clinical indications for montelukast sodium are the prevention as well as the long-term treatment of asthma in children older than 6 months of age, and also for the reduction of symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

The drug leukotriene can be the drug of choice for children with asthma due to exercise-induced asthma. While other types of asthma, but not suitable for the first choice of montelukast, but the first choice of inhaled hormone drugs, such as Xinbicol, Sulodexide and so on. If the choice of a single inhaled hormone is difficult to control, can be combined with montelukast sodium, can play a certain synergistic effect, in addition, if asthma combined with allergic rhinitis can also choose montelukast sodium.

Nowadays, some people for montelukast sodium over-indication of the drug, such as like bronchitis, respiratory but infections, pneumonia, etc. are also used, to these cases is not appropriate to choose montelukast sodium, no effect, but to increase the risk of side effects.

The side effects of montelukast sodium should be focused mainly on his neurological side effects, such as may cause insomnia, euphoria, mood changes, irritability and anger in patients. There are case reports of depression, hallucinations and even suicidal tendencies in some patients using montelukast sodium, but these adverse effects, currently considered insufficient evidence, are not strongly associated with the drug.

There is also concern about hematologic adverse reactions to montelukast sodium. The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan has issued an alert regarding the possibility that montelukast sodium may cause thrombocytopenia leading to bleeding.

Therefore, if you need to take montelukast sodium for a long time, you should pay attention to the blood system and neurological adverse reactions, and stop the drug immediately if there are abnormalities in the neurological system, or if you have purpura, bleeding gums and other conditions while taking the drug.

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Montelukast Sodium is a commonly used respiratory drug for both children and adults, with 4mg and 5mg tablets for children and 10mg tablets for adults.Montelukast Sodium is a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, which acts by competitively binding to the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor, thereby blocking its activity. It can inhibit leukotriene-induced airway smooth muscle contraction and inflammatory effects on the airway, and also reduce the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators in the airway caused by allergenic stimuli.

Effects of Montelukast

1.Asthma Menlustat is indicated for the prevention and long-term treatment of asthma in adults and children over one year of age. According to China's "Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Bronchial Asthma", for asthma patients, leukotriene modifiers are the only long-term control medications that can be applied individually in addition to inhaled hormones, and they can be used as alternative therapeutic medications for mild asthma and as combined therapeutic medications for moderate-to-severe asthma. Sodium montelukast has its relatively unique effect on exercise-induced asthma, virus-induced asthma, and aspirin-induced asthma. However, montelukast should not be used as an emergency drug for acute asthma attacks, and hormonal therapy is still the mainstay during acute asthma attacks. For moderate to severe asthma, montelukast cannot be used alone instead of hormones.

2. Allergic rhinitis Montelukast sodium can improve the symptoms of sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion in patients with allergic rhinitis, and can also improve the eye symptoms, and is suitable for allergic rhinitis combined with asthma. This is because during the development of allergic rhinitis, leukotrienes play an important role in both the fast-onset and late-onset phases, and are important inflammatory mediators that trigger symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose in the development of allergic rhinitis.

3. Capillary bronchitis Leukotriene levels are significantly elevated in children with capillary bronchitis, and their levels are related to the severity of capillary bronchitis. Montelukast sodium, as a leukotriene receptor antagonist, is one of the ways to combat recurrent wheezing after capillary bronchitis.

Montelukast is usually taken at bedtime, once a day, one tablet at a time, why should it be taken at bedtime? This is because under normal human physiological conditions, the vagus nerve is more hyperactive at night, which tends to cause spasm and narrowing of the airways, which is the reason why asthmatics experience worsening of symptoms such as coughing, phlegm, wheezing, etc. at night or in the early hours of the morning. Taking Montelukast before bedtime or at night is to prevent asthma attacks and exacerbations at night. In addition, the body's own secretion of glucocorticoid hormone peaks at 8:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., and the secretion of anti-inflammatory substances decreases in the evening, so it is taken at night to play a certain anti-inflammatory effect.

Are there any side effects of Montelukast?

There are side effects of montelukast, but the incidence is very low and it should be considered a relatively safe and well-tolerated drug. Side effects include upper respiratory tract infections; increased tendency to bleed; urticaria, and rare infiltration of hepatic eosinophils. There is also the possibility of psychiatric system disorders, including aggressive behavior or hostile arousal, anxiety, and depression, as well as dizziness, somnolence, and sensory abnormalities. These side effects are relatively rare, and more frequently reported are allergic reactions, such as angioedema, rash, or pruritus and urticaria due to anaphylaxis.

If there are asthma patients at home, or children with asthma friends, montelukast that drug you will not be unfamiliar with, asthma treatment and improvement is a long-term process, in this process, montelukast is one of the few options can be used for asthma patients in a class of drugs.

The problem of asthma is closely related to the stimulation of external allergens or other specific stimuli. It is because of such stimuli that the body develops an immune response, which secretes inflammatory mediators, and cysteinyl leukotriene is a derivative derived from arachidonic acid produced by immune response, which is capable of mediating inflammatory response, causing bronchial smooth muscle contraction, edema and other problems, triggering asthma and other problems. It can mediate the inflammatory response, causing bronchial smooth muscle contraction, edema and other problems, triggering asthma and other problems, and montelukast is a new type of leukotriene receptor antagonist, through the antagonism of the leukotriene receptor, to achieve the effect of blocking the role of inflammatory mediators of the drug.

In the treatment of asthma in children, in addition to the emergency application of β2 agonist rapid relief of asthma symptoms, in the whole process of asthma treatment, commonly used in the main drugs are no more than two kinds of glucocorticosteroid inhalers, the other is the leukotriene receptor antagonist, the two types of drugs from two aspects of the inhibition of inflammatory response caused by asthma, effective control and reduction of the occurrence of asthma. And Mengluste, is the representative of leukotriene receptor antagonist drugs, it is safer to use, once a day to take 24 hours to take effect, good compliance, for the cause of bronchial asthma leukotriene receptors have a high degree of selectivity, is an important drug for the treatment of children's asthma and improve.

The main applications of montelukast in respiratory related diseases include the following-

1. Treatment and prevention of bronchial asthma, the most common chronic respiratory disease in children. Montelukast is used in the acute exacerbation, chronic persistence, and clinical remission of asthma in children and adults with different dosing regimens, as an antagonist of the important inflammatory mediator leukotriene receptor, in the fight against inflammatory response. For exercise-induced asthma, virus-induced asthma, and aspirin-induced asthma, montelukast also has good clinical efficacy. Leukotriene receptor antagonists are the only long-term controlling agents other than inhaled glucocorticoids that can be applied alone in the elevated treatment of asthma.

For children or adults with asthma, if there are relevant triggers, such as sneezing, runny nose or obvious coughing symptoms, which may induce asthma before the onset of asthma, you can also take montelukast for 7-20 days, which is beneficial to reduce the chances of the occurrence of asthma and the subsequent relief of acute asthma attacks.

2. In addition to being used for the improvement and prevention of asthma, montelukast is also used in respiratory-related diseases for the treatment of cough-variant asthma.

3. In addition, montelukast is also commonly used in the treatment of pediatric capillary bronchitis and in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children or adults, especially in patients with allergic rhinitis combined with asthma. Foreign studies have also found that taking montelukast in the treatment of mild-to-moderate childhood obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome can help to slow down the proliferation of adenoid hypertrophy and tonsillar mast cells, and research on the non-surgical treatment of this disease is still being explored.

The drug montelukast has a relatively high drug safety profile, but during application, attention should be paid to the risk of neurologic and psychiatric adverse events that may be caused by this drug, and warning messages have been issued in the United States, the European Union, and Australia, proposing additional risk control measures for it. The warning message shows a known association between montelukast and neuropsychiatric events such as euphoria, sleep disturbances, and depression, and in rare cases suicidal ideation and behavior. This warning sounds scary, but in fact, the probability of its occurrence is very low, understand that it may have the risk of adverse reactions in this regard, pay attention to observation during the use of medication, if behavioral abnormalities occur, discontinue the drug in time, usually can be quickly corrected and recovered, therefore, there is no need to worry too much about the medication, the drug should be used to use the medication, to understand the risk of adverse reactions to the medication, and when it should not be used, do not mess with it, this is the correct This is the correct attitude towards medication.

What is montelukast sodium?

It belongs to the leukotriene receptor antagonist, leukotriene is a very strong inflammatory factor, leukotriene can lead to a variety of inflammatory reactions in the respiratory system, manifested as increased airway responsiveness, bronchoconstriction, nasal mucosal vascular permeability enhancement, which led to the emergence of clinical asthma attacks, rhinitis, asthmatic bronchitis disease. The use of montelukast sodium will be able to control the inflammatory mediator factors well, thus controlling the pediatric clinical symptoms. It has a hormonal effect, but without the side effects of hormones.

Main clinical effects of montelukast sodium

1. Control of pediatric asthma attacks.

2, for rhinitis with asthma pediatric antiallergic and asthma control.

3, for pediatric adenoid hypertrophy auxiliary treatment.

4. Follow-up treatment of recurrent asthmatic bronchitis and severe capillary bronchitis.

Side effects of montelukast sodium

At present, montelukast sodium has a high safety profile, is indistinguishable from placebo, has minimal side effects, and can be used for extended periods of time against asthma.

Individual reports of the use of montelukast sodium have psychoneurological symptoms, snotty patients with insomnia, excitement, mood changes, irritability depression, hallucinations and even suicidal tendencies, such as these manifestations, timely discontinuation of the drug, and generally after discontinuation of the drug will be relieved.

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Montelukast sodium is a medication used clinically to treat pediatric asthma.

Pediatric asthma, a common chronic respiratory disease, the main symptoms include coughing, sneezing, chest tightness, wheezing, spasmodic cough, and dyspnea, etc., which is characterized by easy recurrence and difficult to cure. Therapeutic drugs include β2 agonists, glucocorticoids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, etc. The first two classes of drugs have a high relapse rate after discontinuation, while montelukast sodium belongs to the third class of drugs, leukotriene receptor antagonists.

Leukotriene receptor antagonists are non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs that affect the binding of receptors to leukotrienes, resulting in the inability of the inflammatory response induced by leukotrienes to occur, thus acting as an anti-inflammatory agent, and the use of montelukast sodium has greatly reduced the use of hormones and bronchodilators. Although its anti-inflammatory effect is not as powerful as that of hormones, it is also far less harmful to the human body.

Montelukast sodium is widely used in the clinic, the reports on its adverse reactions are not very common, from 2001 to 2012, a total of 11 cases were reported in China, mainly focusing on allergic reactions, headache, diarrhea, mental abnormalities, etc., and rare adverse reactions include urinary system, skeletal system, etc., usually in children aged 5-10 years old and the elderly predominate.

Overall, montelukast sodium is able to reduce patients' dependence on hormones and has a significant effect on patients who are already hormone-resistant, with a high safety profile.

Thank you, I hope my answer was helpful.

(Contributed by: Lili Gao, Clinical Pharmacy Department, Plain Hospital, Thousand Buddha Mountain Hospital, Shandong Province, China)

Montelukast sodium is a leukotriene receptor antagonist, a class of non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs that act primarily by competitively binding to cysteinyl leukotriene receptors and thereby blocking their activity. The drug can inhibit leukotriene-induced airway smooth muscle contraction and inflammatory effects on the airway, and can also reduce the synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators in the airway caused by allergenic stimuli. So, what are the effects and side effects of montelukast sodium?

Effects of Montelukast Sodium

① Bronchial asthma (asthma for short)

Leukotrienes (LT) are important inflammatory mediators, and montelukast sodium is an anti-inflammatory agent that acts as a leukotriene receptor antagonist, which can play a role in different periods of asthma. In addition, montelukast sodium has its relatively unique effects on exercise-induced asthma, virus-induced asthma, and aspirin-induced asthma.

② Cough Variant Asthma (CVA)

CVA is a special type of asthma with cough as the only or main manifestation, without significant signs and symptoms such as wheezing and shortness of breath, and anti-inflammatory treatment reduces the risk of CVA developing into classic asthma. Because LT plays an important role in this particular type of asthma, montelukast sodium is used for CVA.

③ Allergic rhinitis (allergic rhinitis, AR)

AR is an IgE-mediated non-infectious inflammation of the nasal mucosa caused by exposure of susceptible individuals to allergens, which is mainly characterized by nasal congestion, nasal itching, watery nasal discharge and sneezing. During the pathogenesis of AR, LT plays an important role in both the fast-onset and late-onset phases, and is an important inflammatory mediator that triggers symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose in the pathogenesis of AR. Montelukast sodium improves sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion symptoms, as well as ocular symptoms in people with AR, and is suitable for people with AR who have comorbid asthma.

④ Capillary bronchitis

Most cases of capillary bronchitis are caused by infections such as respiratory syncytial virus, and some of them may have recurrent wheezing or develop asthma after the acute phase. LT levels are significantly elevated in patients with capillary bronchitis, and their levels are related to the severity of capillary bronchitis. Montelukast sodium, an LT receptor antagonist, is one of the methods to combat recurrent wheezing after capillary bronchitis.

Side effects of montelukast sodium

Montelukast sodium is safe and well tolerated. Adverse reactions were mild, mainly headache, dry mouth, pharyngitis, transient rash, abdominal pain, and upper respiratory tract infection-like symptoms. Rare neuropsychiatric events such as nightmares, nonspecific anxiety, sleep disturbances (e.g., insomnia, etc.), irritability, hallucinations, aggression, agitation, depression, hyperexcitability, personality disorders, suicidal thoughts, and suicidal behavior.

References:

1 Expert consensus on the clinical application of leukotriene receptor antagonists in common respiratory diseases in children[J]. Chinese Clinical Journal of Practical Pediatrics,2016,31(13):973-975

2 Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (Tianjin, 2015)[J]. Chinese Journal of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,2016,51(1):12

3 Sun, L. V. et al. 2017 update of evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in the United States explained[J]. China Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,2018,25(4):193

4 DrugsVigilance Express2018th (of a year)8Issue (Total No.184period)

5Xu Hong and others.Clinical Pharmacotherapy-Pediatric Diseases[M].Beijing, capital of People's Republic of China:People's Health Publishing House,2016:109

Montelukast sodium belongs to the leukotriene receptor antagonist, currently on the market in the form of montelukast sodium tablets, montelukast sodium chewable tablets, montelukast sodium granules and other dosage forms, which can specifically antagonize the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor. Recent studies have shown that leukotrienes play a very important role in the occurrence of allergic reactions, and some symptoms of allergic reactions are also related to leukotrienes, like the symptoms of nasal congestion in allergic rhinitis, aspirin asthma, allergic asthma, and bronchospasm in exercise asthma are all related to leukotrienes. In the clinic, montelukast sodium is mainly used in the following areas:

I. Prevention and long-term treatment of chronic asthma in adults and children, the 2010 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of the "Clinical Instructions for the Use of Drugs Volume of Chemical Drugs and Biological Products" mentions that children are defined as those who are older than 6 years of age.

Second, aspirin asthma and allergic asthma prevention and maintenance therapy, can also be used for the prevention of exercise asthma.

C. For allergic rhinitis, especially for those with severe nasal congestion.

"It is a drug three times poison", montelukast sodium is no exception, in the treatment at the same time there may be some adverse reactions, which is due to the dual nature of the drug decision, but generally speaking in strict accordance with the dosage of the drug instructions, strictly in accordance with the indications for the use of the drug, is still relatively safe, the chances of adverse reactions are also relatively The chances of adverse reactions are also relatively small. The most prominent adverse reaction to montelukast sodium is headache, but there may be abdominal pain, diarrhea, allergy, sleep disorders, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, myalgia and other adverse reactions.

Generally there is no need to terminate the medication if the symptoms are mild and tolerable. If symptoms are severe or intolerable, consult your doctor or pharmacist to adjust or terminate the medication under professional supervision.

The above is only a personal opinion, not as a basis for the use of medication, please use the medication under the guidance of a physician, any questions or views are welcome to leave a comment at the bottom of the article.

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

Montelukast Sodium is a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug that is a leukotriene receptor antagonist. Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators that mediate inflammation in the body, especially in inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract.

In terms of principle of action, montelukast sodium inhibits leukotriene-mediated respiratory inflammation primarily by competitively binding to the semiluminescent amide leukotriene receptor and blocking the activity of the semiluminescent amide leukotriene receptor.

In terms of indications, montelukast sodium is mainly used for the prophylactic treatment of asthma in children and adolescents (2 to 14 years old) as well as for long-term treatment, and its efficacy is mainly to prevent the onset of asthma or to reduce the symptoms when it occurs; it is also used for the treatment of aspirin-sensitive asthmatics, as well as the prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction; in addition to this, there is a consensus of experts who point out that montelukast sodium can also be used to Control of diseases such as capillary bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Symptoms of these diseases mentioned above, including chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, sneezing, runny nose, snoring, etc., are to a certain extent caused by leukotriene-mediated inflammatory reactions, so the use of montelukast sodium to block this inflammation anyway can alleviate the symptoms, or even prevent the onset of some of the symptoms.

The reason why montelukast sodium can be widely used in the child and adolescent population is that it has fewer side effects and is proven to be safer. Montelukast Sodium has been shown not to affect the growth and development of children. A small number of researchers have observed the possibility of psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, nightmares, and depression in children taking montelukast sodium, but this has since been shown to have no positive correlation with the drug; montelukast sodium also does not increase the risk of suicide in children.

Children in general are using this medication, read the description as a treatment for allergies. When a child goes to the hospital with a cough, the doctor often prescribes this medicine, saying that it slows down allergies!

Montelukast sodium is a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist that directly and effectively inhibits leukotrienes, the main substances of the delayed-type slow response, with a high degree of selectivity and affinity, effectively controlling asthma, especially aspirin-sensitive asthma, and dramatically improving nasal congestion and nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

Montelukast sodium has a wide range of clinical applications, especially in children's respiratory diseases.

The following table describes what to look for in a child's use of montelukast sodium.