Cold and fever are often encountered in people's life, although it is not considered a serious illness, but once the fever persists, it will affect the work. Therefore, people may have to apply some fever-reducing medicines on their own.

I believe you may still remember that in 2010, children's application of fever-reducing drug Nimesulide caused damage to the central nervous system and liver, and then the State Food and Drug Administration revised the Nimesulide instruction manual, prohibited for children under 12 years of age, and canceled its use for fever indications.May 29, 2018, the official website of the State Drug Administration issued the "Announcement on the revision of the instruction manual of Chaihu injection", based on the results of monitoring of adverse drug reactions and safety evaluation, decided to add warning words to the instruction manual of Chaihu injection and "adverse reactions (serious adverse reactions can occur)". Announcement on Revision of Chaihu Injection", according to the results of monitoring of adverse drug reactions and safety evaluation, in order to further protect the safety of public medication, it was decided to add warning words to the instruction manual of Chaihu Injection, and to "Adverse Reactions (Serious Adverse Reactions Can Occur)", "Contraindications (Prohibited in Children)", "Precautions", "Precautions", and "Precautions". ", "precautions" and other items were revised. These clinically effective antipyretic drugs, children are prohibited, which can still be safely applied?

aspirin (loanword)

Aspirin is a classic antipyretic and analgesic with a strong and rapid antipyretic effect. However, application after influenza (flu) or chickenpox in children may causeWright's syndromethat causes a decrease in white blood cells and platelets. Therefore.The World Health Organization advocates that aspirin should not be used in children with fever due to acute respiratory infectionsThe use is limited to rheumatic fever in children, juvenile jointinflammation and Kawasaki disease. Lysine, an injectable form of aspirin, is currently available clinically and can be used in adults, but should be used with caution in children under 16 years of age and is contraindicated in infants under 3 months of age.

analgin (loanword)

Anacin is an older drug that is more effective in reducing fever, butMore adverse reactionsSome of them are veryseverityThe use of anandamide was stopped in the United States in 1977, and currently 27 countries have banned or restricted the use of anandamide. However, the 2015 edition of the Pharmacopoeia, "Notes on Clinical Use of Drugs" includes anandamide, which is still in use in some local hospitals in China and should be highly valued.

The above mentioned antipyretics have a high risk of clinical application. Are there any safer ones? There are currently two antipyretics recommended by the World Health Organization as safe for children: acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

Acetaminophen (safe)

Acetaminophen, also known as paracetamol, is a relatively safe antipyretic in regular doses. However, hepatotoxicity is possible if applied in high doses or for longer periods of time.The FDA specifies a daily dose of no more than 4gNow the daily dose is 2 g. Avoid drinking alcohol during the medication period. Regular dose for children: 10-15 mg/kg orally every 4-6 hours.

Ibuprofen (safe)

Ibuprofen is well tolerated when used in regular doses and is the other most commonly used antipyretic and analgesic. Clinical studies have shown that ibuprofen is safe, effective and long-lasting in the treatment of hyperthermia in children, and is suitable for pediatric patients. The recommended dose of ibuprofen is 5-10 mg/ kg once every 6-8 hours. The recommended dose of ibuprofen is 5-10 mg/kg once every 6-8 hours. Clinical application requires attention not to overdose and overfrequency.

In summary, acetaminophen and ibuprofen are relatively safe medications for the treatment of fever and should not be overdosed in clinical practice.

　　Fever and cold are common illnesses. Generally when the temperature is higher than 38.5 ℃, it is necessary to take fever-reducing drugs. So, what is the safest antipyretic? Here we are introduced.

　　For the time being, the fever-reducing medications recommended by the World Health Organization and widely used around the world with a high degree of safety of use are the two classic oral medications: acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

　　I. Acetaminophen.

　　Acetaminophen, also known as Tylenol, Pitocin, and Benadryl. Acetaminophen is the less irritating and milder of the antipyretics and is a safer antipyretic with no intestinal irritation or bleeding, no nephrotoxicity, does not affect platelet function, and does not cause granulocyte deficiency or aplastic anemia.

　　Each tablet of this product contains the main ingredient acetaminophen 0.5 grams, excipients are starch, dextrin, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, pregelatinized starch, sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate. Indications are used for fever caused by common cold or influenza, also used to relieve mild to moderate pain such as headache, arthralgia, migraine, toothache, muscle pain, neuralgia, dysmenorrhea, this product is taken orally at one time 0.3-0.6g, children according to body weight at one time 10-15mg/kg every 4-6 hours; children under 12 years of age not more than 5 doses every 24 hours, the course of treatment does not exceed 5 days.

　　This product should not be taken for long periods of time. Short-term use does not usually cause gastrointestinal bleeding. It should not be used for more than 3 consecutive days for antipyretic use and 5 days for pain relief. Excessive dosage may cause liver damage, and in severe cases, coma or even death. Do not drink alcohol or other alcoholic beverages while taking it.

　　II. Ibuprofen.

　　Ibuprofen is the only commonly recommended antipyretic for children by the World Health Organization and the FDA, and is recognized as the preferred anti-inflammatory drug for children. Ibuprofen has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties. It is indicated for the relief of mild to moderate pain, such as headache, arthralgia, migraine, toothache, muscular pain, neuralgia, menstrual cramps, and is also used for fever caused by the common cold or influenza. Ibuprofen is suitable for children and adults over 6 months of age, and common medicines with ibuprofen as the active ingredient include Fenpropidol and Merrill Lynch.

　　Ibuprofen's antipyretic effect is relatively strong, the antipyretic process will lead to a large amount of sweating, so it is not suitable for patients with symptoms of dehydration; ibuprofen excreted through the kidneys, overdose of the drug is prone to damage the kidneys, renal function, should be used with caution. Adverse effects of ibuprofen also include the possibility of triggering asthma, asthmatic babies should be used with caution. This drug is safe to use according to the recommended dosage, but overdose can easily cause kidney damage.

　　As a final note, no matter which antipyretic you take, be sure to take the medication under a doctor's supervision to avoid taking it blindly.

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Fever in children is very common, upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia can cause fever in children, vaccination can also cause fever, when fever affects the child's mental state, irritability, febrile convulsions, this time it is necessary to antipyretic drugs (medical terminology is called antipyretic drugs oh). So when do you need to use drugs, what drugs can be used by children, which drugs are prohibited for children, and how to master the rational use of antipyretics for children? Today I will answer this question through the knowledge I have learned.

Infants and young children have poor thermoregulatory function, body temperature is too high without timely cooling, will cause damage to the body organs, the emergence of febrile convulsions, convulsions, serious can be life-threatening. Therefore, generally the child appears fever body temperature more than 38.5 ℃, you can use antipyretic drugs. If the body temperature is lower than 38.5 ℃, but the child appears to be mentally poor, irritable, crying, you can also consider using antipyretics to lower the body temperature. Antipyretics are only symptomatic and the temperature may rise again after the medication is removed from the body.

The safest antipyretics currently used in children are ibuprofen and acetaminophen, both of which exert antipyretic effects by inhibiting central prostaglandin synthesis and lowering the child's temperature. Ibuprofen is safe, effective, and long-lasting for treating high fever in children and is widely used in pediatrics. It is commonly used in children over 6 months of age at a dosage of 5-10 mg/kg body weight every 6 hours, no more than 4 times a day, and is used in routine doses with fewer adverse effects, and occasional gastrointestinal adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting. Acetaminophen is easily absorbed orally and has good antipyretic effect, it is suitable for children over 3 months old, the dosage is 10-15 mg/kg body weight per time, every 4 hours, not more than 4 times a day, the adverse effects are rare with routine dosage, there are occasional GI discomforts such as nausea, vomiting and so on, hepatotoxicity can be seen with high dosage or prolonged administration. Aminopyralid is mainly used for emergency antipyretic in acute hyperthermia.

Aspirin is generally not used to reduce fever in children, prone to toxic reactions, influenza and chicken pox children use may occur Rheumatoid Syndrome, severe cases can be fatal. Aspirin can only be used in children with rheumatic fever and Kawasaki disease. nimesulide is contraindicated in children under 12 years of age because it can cause liver and kidney damage and leukopenia.

Just like the questioner's concern, it is not right to be afraid to use the medicine because of the fear of adverse reactions to the medicine, and the persistent high fever will cause damage to the organs of the child's body. This requires us to master the following reminders: read the drug instructions carefully before using the drug, especially the instructions on the use of children and contraindications described in the instructions, such as writing children prohibited, contraindicated, we will avoid using. Adverse reactions recorded in the instructions may be a lot, this is the organization of the existing information to remind us of the problems we can pay attention to when using the drug, and does not indicate that this adverse reaction will definitely occur in this child. At the same time, antipyretics are symptomatic treatments, and should be used in a timely manner to avoid delaying the child's condition.

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

Currently, there are only two fever-reducing medications recommended by the World Health Organization that can be used by children, one is acetaminophen and the other is ibuprofen. Other than these two fever-reducing medications, no other medications are suitable for reducing fever in children! Any compounded ingredients of western medicines that have fever-reducing effects are not recommended for family use.

Just a few days ago, the CFDA issued three consecutive announcements, canceled the Anacin multiple dosage forms of the certificate of registration of drugs, the relevant products are also required to stop production, sales and use with immediate effect, and at the same time, the Anacin tablets, heavy sense of spirit tablets/capsules, compound artemisinin Anacin tablets of the instruction manual to be revised. So far, the use of Anacin in the clinic is strictly limited, a generation of antipyretic drug Anacin finally to end of life.

Why is Anacin injection banned?

Anacin's antipyretic effect is indeed very good, I believe that many people have used Anacin, after the use of a sweat, high fever quickly receded, so why the State Drug Administration this time decisively banned Anacin?

In fact, the clinical use of Anacin has always been controversial, especially in children, due to the fact that its adverse effects are as prominent as its antipyretic effects, which can lead to serious adverse effects of granulocyte deficiency and anaphylaxis in humans, and the incidence is not low, about 1.1%, and the most serious can lead to death. The United States has withdrawn Anacin from the market as early as 1977, and this drug has been blacklisted by more than 30 countries so far.

The State Drug Administration in the post-marketing safety evaluation of the drug, that Anacin injection and other varieties of serious adverse reactions, the risk of use in China outweighs the benefits, so decided to stop using it with immediate effect, and revised the instructions of the oral dosage form of Anacin, strictly prohibit the use of children and adolescents over the age of 18 years.

Be wary of the stealthy "anacondas" still in use.

1. Aminopyralid

In fact, in addition to Anacin, there are still other antipyretic drugs in China that also have greater safety risks, and these drugs are still widely used in children to reduce fever, such as compound aminobarbitone injection, which contains aminobarbital, the predecessor of Anacin, and can also cause serious adverse reactions of granulocyte deficiency and anaphylactic shock. Although the drug has a recommended dosage for children, the [Children's Drugs] label in the instruction manual is either that there is no safety and efficacy study on the application of this product in children or that it is not clear, so the use of this drug in the clinic is also a cause for concern.

2. Lysine

Another drug is lysine aspirin, which is a compound salt of lysine and aspirin, and the NDA added a black box warning to the drug's specification in 2018 that it can cause adverse reactions such as anaphylaxis and severe skin damage.

The medication should be closely monitored, if rash, itching, dyspnea, asthma, laryngeal edema, drop in blood pressure and other signs or symptoms occur, the drug should be immediately discontinued and prompt treatment, children under 16 years of age should be used with caution, and infants less than 3 months of age are prohibited, the use of the drug in children may cause Reye's Syndrome.

What is Reye's syndrome? It's a combination of fever, convulsions, frequent vomiting, increased intracranial pressure and coma, which can be life-threatening when it occurs, so both of these medications are actually equally inappropriate for routine use in pediatric patients. For children with fever, the safest antipyretics are still acetaminophen and ibuprofen, so keep that in mind.

concluding remarks

In recent years, we have gradually attached importance to food safety, but similarly, drug safety should not be neglected. The decision to withdraw Anacin from the market and revise the instructions shows that the state has increased its efforts to monitor drug safety, especially in the area of children's drug safety. However, it is not enough to pay attention to the state and medical personnel alone, and only with the participation of the whole nation can we ensure that children's medication is truly safe.

Thank you, to reduce the child's fever, usually more than 38.5 degrees will give priority to recommend oral antipyretics, the safest and most effective antipyretics are two, acetaminophen and ibuprofen, as long as the child's weight according to the calculation of the dosage, it is completely safe to use for the child.

There are many parents will ask, to the child's fever, oral antipyretics and fart suppositories which is more effective, let's do a comparison of the drug ingredients are the same, they are respectively acetaminophen and ibuprofen

The onset of action is roughly the same, one is absorbed through the gut and the other through the rectum but the onset of action is about the same.

Butt plug into the child's rectum, in fact, the child will also have a painful feeling, sometimes stuffed into the child as soon as the strength and out, because the plug butt plugs need a certain technique, stuffing bad may be the child's anus broken, increasing the child's pain.

Some children especially hate to take medicines, feeding not in the case of drugs, you can choose the fart suppository, but if the parents are not skilled in the use of fart suppository, it is best to oral antipyretic, if the child has diarrhea, this time it is best to oral antipyretic, because fart suppository plugged into the case may be quickly excreted, the drug components can not be absorbed by the intestinal tract, affecting the effectiveness of the drug.

It is important to note that it is best not to mix the two modes of administration because the two medications, which have the same ingredients, can cause an overdose when used together.

These are my summarized knowledge of safe medication for fever!

What are the safest ingredients for fever reducers?

Chinese medicine meridian massage and acupressure points to reduce fever are the safest and most effective.

I once gave an 11-month-old boy acupressure, because he had never been exposed to acupressure in Chinese medicine, so the effect was very fast, massage for 10 minutes, the fever went down. But he was due to accumulation of food and cold and fever, after a period of time and repeated, so increase the digestion massage and give it to eat the chicken Neijin, the child's accumulation of food eliminated, the fever also completely subsided.

I am not a Chinese medicine practitioner, just because of their own diseases and understand a little Chinese medicine, I see the doctor are looking for Chinese medicine. To the 11-month-old boy massage fever is purely so the first experiment, I did not expect the effect is surprisingly good.