Pancreatic cancer, not only is it known as the king of cancers, but we doctors sometimes describe it as the sickest of cancers. 9 out of 10 pancreatic cancer patients who have passed through my hands in the past few years are in the middle to late stages, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%!

Current status of pancreatic cancer

In the past, we always said that although pancreatic cancer is particularly malignant, the incidence rate is also very low, but in the past few years, this statement has become obsolete, it is expected that by 2020, the world is likely to have about 420,000 new patients with pancreatic cancer each year, the number of deaths is about 410,000, and by 2030, pancreatic cancer is very likely to become the second cause of death among all malignant tumors. In our country, due to aging, the number of pancreatic cancer cases has accounted for 2.42% of malignant tumors, with an incidence of about 18,900 cases.

This situation already deserves enough attention. But the reality is very cruel, in my hands have saved the pancreatic cancer patients, when I informed them that they have pancreatic cancer, close to half of them still do not know where their pancreas is?

Therefore, in order to understand who is prone to pancreatic cancer, we should first understand our pancreas in order to prevent and control it!

Location and function of the pancreas

The pancreas is small, but important. It is located in our upper abdomen, behind the stomach, and because it is located behind the peritoneum, it is a retroperitoneal organ. The pancreas is morphologically divided into the head, neck, body and tail of the pancreas. The head of the pancreas is encircled by the upper, descending, and horizontal portions of the duodenum from above, right, and below, respectively, and the tail of the pancreas is adjacent to the spleen, where it extends to the splenic hilum.

(anatomical position of the pancreas as shown in the structure, very hidden)

The pancreas is a very important type of gland within our body, and its main function is to secrete and produce pancreatic fluid, including amylase, protease and lipase, which are involved in the metabolism of three major nutrients. The pancreas also has an endocrine division, which is composed of four types of cells: A cells, B cells, D cells and PP cells, of which A and B cells also produce glucagon and insulin, respectively, which are involved in the regulation of blood glucose.(This is clinically important diagnostically because we find that patients with pancreatic cancer develop a new onset of elevated fasting blood glucose 30-36 months prior to diagnosis, so the sudden onset of diabetes often warrants attention to prevent the possibility of pancreatic cancer.)。

(Cancer of the leptomeninges of the pancreas pictured here, 63 years old, patient had a sudden rise in blood sugar two years ago, had been thought to have normal diabetes and was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at the end of last year)

Therefore, for people over 50, if diabetes is newly detected, it should be taken seriously enough as it may be an abnormal symptom of pancreatic cancer and belongs to the high-risk group for pancreatic cancer.

In addition to new-onset diabetics, the following people are also at risk for pancreatic cancer

1. There is definitely a familial aggregation of pancreatic cancer, and our department has experienced successful screening of patients with early-stage pancreatic cancer.Last year, there was a patient from Hunan province, because of the CT examination found that the pancreatic body tail is enlarged, occupying the position, consulting our department, after detailed inquiry about the history of the patient found that the patient has two brothers, three sisters, of which the elder brother has died because of pancreatic cancer, at that time, taking into account the family history of pancreatic cancer, it is recommended to let their siblings to do pancreatic cancer thin layer CT screening, and found that the patient's sister is the same as the patient's pancreatic body tail occupying the position. The patient's sister was found to have the same pancreatic caudal occupation as the patient. So someone in the family with pancreatic cancer is susceptible to pancreatic cancer, and with 1 first-degree relative, the risk is 4.6 times higher; with 2 it is 6.4 times higher, and with 3 or more it is basically up to 30 more times higher.(As shown in the figure, a patient with pancreatic cancer, the head and tail of the pancreas can be seen to be significantly enlarged, and the degree of enhancement seen after enhanced scanning is lower than that of normal pancreatic mass)
2. Oral microbial infections are also risk factors for pancreatic cancer.This is mainly related to the fact that Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas putida can increase the incidence of pancreatic cancer.
   
3. Those who have a long-term preference for a diet high in fat and animal protein, such as pickled and roasted foods.The risk of pancreatic cancer is higher compared to people whose diets are rich in high fiber, fruits and fresh vegetables;
   
4. People who have been taking chemicals for a long time and are regularly exposed to benzene and other related substances are also susceptible to pancreatic cancer;
   
5. smokersThe risk of pancreatic cancer is two times higher than that of non-smokers, which is mainly related to more than 30 carcinogens such as nitrosamines contained in tobacco;
   
6. of developing chronic pancreatitis.This has been clinically proven, basically people with chronic pancreatitis have almost 100 times higher risk of getting pancreatic cancer than normal people.
   

How to detect pancreatic cancer early?

Pancreatic cancer lacks specific early symptoms, and in general it is believed that the following symptoms should be considered for the possibility of pancreatic cancer.

1. Epigastric pain or unspecified discomfort that comes and goes, especially at night, especially when lying down;
   
2. Jaundice is present but without biliary disease such as gallstones, and the jaundice progresses rapidly, with clay-colored stools, which may be accompanied by itching of the skin;
   
3. No obvious cause, sudden weight loss of ten or twenty pounds in a few months, no other specific diseases found;
   
4. Uncurable "stomach problems", especially those that cannot be relieved;
   
5. Over 40 years of age, no family history of obesity, recent sudden onset of diabetes or sudden worsening of already existing diabetes;
   

Note: Pancreatic cancer develops in the head of the pancreas and is especially characterized by abdominal pain, weight loss, and jaundice!

This kind of cancer in today's world to see the attack rate is in the rising performance, it has a high mortality rate, known as "the king of cancer", who will be prone to this disease?

The causes of the disease are still not known, but research has shown that a number of risk factors are associated with the formation of this cancer. People with the following symptoms should be aware of pancreatic cancer.

People who drink a lot of alcohol for a long time

Alcohol in the pancreas to form the damage is certain, it is easy to produce chronic pancreatitis, belong to the disease before the disease, some people although this disease, but still failed to stop drinking, and finally it is easy to produce pancreatic cancer.

Heavy smokers

Cigarette smoking is now recognized as a risk factor for the development of this disease. The risk ratio of pancreatic cancer in smokers compared to non-smokers is 1.6 to 1.3:1, and there is a positive correlation between heavy smokers and the development of pancreatic cancer, as smoking increases the number of pancreatic ductal cells, changes in cellular nuclei atypia, etc., which is positively related to the number of cigarettes smoked.

family-run disease

Chronic pancreatitis is closely related to this disease, especially familial pancreatitis, which produces precancerous lesions for this disease. It can be seen that there is a familial aggregation of this disease, which is highly prevalent in this population.

As can be seen from the above, it is necessary for a person to maintain good habits, and many diseases are related to the existence of bad habits in an individual, so a person's daily habits have a certain relationship with the physical condition.

When it comes to pancreatic cancer, we can't help but think of the famous Steve Jobs, the father of Apple, Pavarotti, the first of the world's top three tenor singers, and Hong Kong's chubby sister, Shum Ting-ha, and so on, all of these celebrities were taken away by pancreatic cancer!

What kind of malignant tumor is pancreatic cancer? It has struck so many celebrities.

Pancreatic cancer is aMalignant tumors of the digestive system. Among all malignant tumors, the incidence of pancreatic cancer is not high, but its mortality rate ranks first among all malignant tumors.The 5-year survival rate is only 5%!

Pancreatic cancer has no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and once there are obvious symptoms such as wasting, pain and jaundice, it is already in the middle or late stage, and the best time for surgery is missed. Not only that, pancreatic cancerIt is characterized by low surgical resection rate, rapid development, high mortality rate, high postoperative recurrence rate and poor therapeutic effect, etc., and is known as the "king of cancers".

The exact cause of pancreatic cancer has not yet been found, but there are many risk factors closely related to the occurrence of pancreatic cancer, these types of people should be careful of pancreatic cancer "claws".

1. People with family genetic history

Clinical studies have confirmed that pancreatic cancer is characterized by family aggregation, and among pancreatic cancer patients, the chances of people with a family history of pancreatic cancer getting pancreatic cancer are 3-13 times higher than those without a family history of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, if there are patients with pancreatic cancer in the family, they should pay more attention to their own body for regular medical checkups.

2. People with cholecystectomy

There may be a relationship between gallbladder removal and the development of pancreatic cancer. It has been demonstrated that removal of the gallbladder increases the level of cholecystokinin in the patient's circulation, thereby increasing the prevalence of pancreatic cancer.

3. People who like to smoke

According to some data, smokers are about 2.5 times more likely to develop pancreatic cancer than non-smokers. Nicotine in cigarettes affects the secretion of the pancreas, prompting carcinogens to enter the bile ducts and then reflux as pancreatic ducts, thus triggering pancreatic duct epithelial cancer.

4. Poor dietary habits

Long-term consumption of large quantities of pork, beef, and lamb, high-fat, high-energy, and smoked, fried, and salted foods is one of the reasons for the increased risk of pancreatic cancer, as well as an important cause of other cancers.

The diet rich in vegetables and fruits as well as fruit juices, green tea and other green beverages have antioxidant effect of ingredients, they can prevent cell damage, and even make the damaged cells to repair, there is a role in preventing pancreatic cancer in comparison. Therefore the incidence of pancreatic cancer is much lower in people who like to eat fresh vegetables and fruits.

5. Long-term exposure to chemical substances

People who work in factories associated with beta-naphthylamine and benzene have a relatively greater chance of developing pancreatic cancer.

6. People with endocrine disorders

Endocrine disruption is also a common cause of pancreatic cancer. In particular, patients suffering from diabetes, because their own resistance is reduced, it will lead to the disease easily.

Pancreatic cancer is so dangerous, and the exact cause of its development is not clear, but it is certain that its development is closely related to lifestyle, which is "lifestyle cancer". Therefore, to prevent pancreatic cancer, we should pay attention to the lifestyle.

In daily life, to develop a good lifestyle, life should be regular, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, strengthen physical exercise, improve the body's resistance; at the same time, to change the bad habits, try to quit smoking and avoid alcohol, advocate low-fat, low-protein, high-fiber and high-vitamin diet, and eat more fresh fruits and vegetables; in addition, to regular physical examination, and find the problem in a timely manner.

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(1) Age greater than 40 years.(2) A history of smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. (3) Those with a family history of pancreatic cancer. (4) Those with chronic pancreatitis, especially chronic familial pancreatitis and chronic calcific pancreatitis. (5) Those who have undergone major distal gastrectomy for benign lesions, especially those who are more than 20 years postoperative. (6) Patients with sudden onset diabetes mellitus, especially those with atypical diabetes mellitus, over 60 years of age, lack of family history, and no obesity.

Before writing this answer, I reviewed some information and made a summary that the following people are prone to pancreatic cancer

(The source of data is mainly the Second Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Zhejiang University, which collected data on all pancreatic cancer patients from 1997 to 2013, analyzed them, and then formed a professional paper, "Multifactorial Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer-Related Risk Factors").

1. People with a family history of pancreatic cancer

We all know that cancer is caused by genetic mutations and runs in families. If there is more than one person with pancreatic cancer in the family, the risk of developing pancreatic cancer is higher.

2. Smokers and heavy drinkers

We've repeated many times that smoking and drinking are linked to more than a dozen types of cancer in the human body, including the king of cancers, pancreatic cancer.

3. People suffering from chronic pancreatitis or suffering from chronic cholecystitis

It has been observed that the risk of pancreatic cancer in this group of people is a little higher than in the general population. However, it does not necessarily mean that you will get pancreatic cancer if you suffer from this disease, it only means that the risk is higher, so you should not panic (after all, the incidence of chronic cholecystitis is still very high)

4. Diabetics

One of the major causes of diabetes is insulin resistance, which may be related to the development of pancreatic cancer in some way, exactly what is not yet clear. But many patients who have pancreatic cancer often have insulin resistance or diabetes

Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, in particular, have been conclusively shown to increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. Therefore, people should not be careless if they have other risk factors.

What are some ways to reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer?

At present, the main ways to prevent cancer are the following, which are all pretty much the same

1. Stop smoking and drinking

2. Control sugar intake, because obesity and a variety of cancers are related, and excessive sugar intake is an important cause of obesity.

3. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables. Because fruits and vegetables are rich in antioxidants that can reduce free radical damage to our cells.

4. Maintain moderate daily exercise.

Pancreatic cancer, as the name suggests, is a cancer that occurs in the pancreas, but it must be clear that not all malignant tumors that occur in the pancreas are pancreatic cancer, and what we usually call pancreatic cancer refers to cancers that occur in the ductal epithelium of the pancreas. Another type of pancreatic tumor is neuroendocrine tumor, pancreatic endocrine tumor is a type of tumor originated from pancreatic pluripotent neuroendocrine stem cells, and we all know that Steve Jobs had pancreatic endocrine tumor instead of pancreatic cancer. Worldwide, the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer ranks 13th among malignant tumors, which is not among the top ten common tumors, but its mortality rate ranks 8th among tumor-related deaths. There are differences in incidence and mortality rates in different countries and regions, for example, pancreatic cancer is lower in developing countries than in developed countries. In recent decades, with the development of economic level and society, the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer in China has shown an increasing trend year by year. The incidence rate of men is higher than that of women, and the ratio of men to women is about 1.5 to 2:1. Male patients are far more common than premenopausal women, and the incidence rate of postmenopausal women is similar to that of men.

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of highly malignant tumor, the onset of dangerous, invasive, various means of treatment are poor, the prognosis is very poor, the survival period after diagnosis is very short, the survival period of pancreatic cancer patients who have not received any treatment is about 4 months, most patients (about 3/4) die within 1 year after diagnosis, only because most patients are found to be in advanced stages, losing the opportunity of surgical treatment, therefore, early diagnosis Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment is the key to improve the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Due to the hidden location of pancreatic cancer, the biological characteristics of pancreatic cancer are high degree of malignancy, low early diagnosis rate, difficult treatment, low cure rate, and extremely poor prognosis, the overall 5-year survival rate is only about 1%-4%, which is one of the malignant tumors with the worst prognosis. Therefore, pancreatic cancer is called "the king of cancer".

Who is susceptible to the king of cancers, pancreatic cancer?This involves the factors associated with the development of pancreatic cancer. The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is not known, and the studies that have been done so far only suggest that there may be some factors that increase the risk of pancreatic cancer, and that some of the following people should take it more seriously:

1. Middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old. The age factor, this goes without saying, cancer is highly prevalent in middle-aged and older people, so people over 40 have a higher risk and need to pay more attention to it;

2. People who smoke and drink heavily. Smoking (including passive smoking) and heavy drinking may increase the risk;

3, It goes without saying that people with a family history of pancreatic cancer are at a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer;

People with chronic pancreatitis (especially chronic familial pancreatitis and chronic calcific pancreatitis) may also be at increased risk of pancreatic cancer.5 People with certain dietary habits, such as a high-fat diet, and obesity may also be at increased risk.

6. Year-round exposure to certain chemicals may also increase the risk, such as occupational exposure to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Avoiding exposure or exposure to these possible risk factors may help reduce the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, but of course, it is unrealistic to try to prevent pancreatic cancer absolutely. According to some of the possible risk factors mentioned above, some of the following measures may help reduce the risk: not smoking and staying away from second-hand smoke; not drinking alcohol and not abusing alcohol; good dietary habits, not overeating, not "three-high" diets, and avoiding obesity; paying attention to avoiding exposure to possible cancer-causing chemicals; and actively preventing and controlling diabetes mellitus and pancreatic and biliary system diseases ( inflammatory stones, etc.).

First of all, we have to correct a wrong point of view, Steve Jobs is not suffering from pancreatic cancer as we usually say, Steve Jobs got pancreatic "endocrine tumor", the prognosis of this kind of tumor is much better than pancreatic cancer, why Steve Jobs died, he himself has a great responsibility. When Jobs' tumor was found in the early stage, doctors suggested him to have surgery, but he refused and actually believed in diet therapy, which finally led to the tumor metastasis to the liver, and he had a liver transplant, but it was already too late, which led to his death.

Getting back to the point, let me talk about what we usually call pancreatic cancer, which is the king of cancers, with a 5-year survival rate of only about 5%, and most people die within six months of diagnosis. The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is not clear, and it is related to the following factors:

(1) Genetic

Relatives with pancreatic cancer have an increased probability of pancreatic cancer in their offspring, roughly 3-5 times more likely, suggesting a genetic component.

(2) Alcohol consumption

Alcohol is capable of inducing pancreatitis, and chronic alcoholism can be very damaging to the pancreas, damaging the pancreas and potentially leading to pancreatic cancer over time.

(3) Smoking

The risk of pancreatic cancer in smokers is 3-6 times higher than in non-smokers. The carcinogens in the smoke, which pass through the mouth, into the stomach and duodenum, and then into the pancreas, can cause damage to the pancreas, leading to pancreatic cancer.

(4) Chronic inflammation of the pancreas

In patients with chronic pancreatitis, prolonged inflammatory stimulation of the pancreas can lead to the development of cancer, with the age of onset peaking 10 to 20 years after the onset of chronic pancreatitis.

(5) Diabetes, insulin resistance

In diabetes, abnormal glucose metabolism as well as insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia can cause pancreatic damage and lead to cancer of the pancreas.

Therefore, to prevent pancreatic cancer, you need to quit smoking and quit smoking, control blood sugar and treat diabetes. Regular medical checkups for early detection and treatment.

1. Chronic pancreatitis and diabetes mellitus may have a relationship with the development of pancreatic cancer. Epidemiologic and molecular epidemiologic studies mostly support that chronic pancreatitis can progress to pancreatic cancer. About 5-20% of patients with pancreatic cancer have diabetes mellitus, and 80% of them are found to have diabetes mellitus and pancreatic cancer in the same year.

2. High-fat diet and obese people: The assertion that obese people are more prone to pancreatic cancer has been put forward in the medical profession for a long time. If you always eat foods that contain a lot of fat, the burden on the pancreas will increase accordingly.

3. Smoking, alcohol consumption: One study included 18,872 patients with histologic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, with a mean age of (68.8±11.9) years. The results showed that smoking and/or alcohol consumption were significantly associated with earlier age of onset of pancreatic cancer.

4. Helicobacter pylori infection: Studies have shown that patients with pancreatic cancer have Hp seropositive results, which are significantly different from controls, suggesting a correlation between Hp infection and pancreatic cancer.

5. Long-term coffee drinkers: Investigations have found that coffee can increase the risk of pancreatic cancer by four times. Research has proved that coffee can inhibit DNA repair and induce mitotic processes before DNA replication is completed, which is the main reason for its carcinogenicity.

When it comes to pancreatic cancer, we have to mention the famous Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs is a Buddhist, and a vegetarian, according to reason, he and smoke, alcohol, meat are not involved, why did he get pancreatic cancer, in the end, what kind of people are prone to pancreatic cancer?

Pancreatic cancer is a kind of digestive tract malignant tumor with insidious onset, rapid progression, poor treatment effect and prognosis, in recent years, the incidence of pancreatic cancer has increased significantly, the age of onset of the disease is 45 to 65 years old, and the ratio of male to female is 1.58:1. At present, pancreatic cancer carries the second place in the cause of digestive tract cancer deaths, second only to colorectal cancer, and the five-year survival rate is 1% to 3%.

So what kind of person is susceptible to pancreatic cancer?

First, people with bad habits

Smoking can easily lead to various cancers, such as lung cancer, bladder cancer, etc. Pancreatic cancer is no exception, and long-term heavy smoking leads to an increased incidence of pancreatic cancer.

Alcohol abuse is also prone to inviting pancreatic cancer. Long-term alcohol consumption is a major cause of chronic pancreatitis, and repeated episodes of pancreatic inflammation, which eventually leads to chronic pancreatitis, can increase the probability of pancreatic cancer.

Many studies have found that long-term high-fat, high-protein diets increase the incidence of pancreatic cancer, and that there is a significant relationship between previous cancer incidence and per capita consumption of fat, sugar, animal protein, eggs, and coffee in different countries.

Second, people with diabetes

It has been known for a long time that diabetic patients are prone to pancreatic cancer. Studies in recent years have pointed out that the probability of pancreatic cancer in diabetic patients is one times higher than that of non-diabetic patients and tends to increase, and it is also believed that it is two to four times higher than that of the normal population, but the real relationship between the two is not clear.

Third, patients with chronic pancreatitis

As early as 1950, Mikal et al, noted the association of chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic cancer, and there is now evidence that recurrent chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic ductal calculi or calculous pancreatitis may be associated with pancreatic cancer.

Fourth, those with a family history of pancreatic cancer

Epidemiological studies have confirmed that pancreatic cancer is characterized by familial aggregation, and the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer patients with a family history of pancreatic cancer is tens of times higher than that of those without a family history of pancreatic cancer!

In addition, it has been documented that men, and women are susceptible to pancreatic cancer after menopause, and that oncogene activation and oncogene misfires, as well as DNA repair abnormalities, play an important role in pancreatic carcinogenesis, and that 90% of pancreatic cancers can have point mutations in the k-ras gene and codon 12.

I hope my answer will help you!

In the past, not many people suffered from pancreatic cancer in our country, but due to the change of dietary habits in recent years, the incidence of pancreatic cancer in our country has increased rapidly due to the increase of obese people. Here I will introduce what kind of people are easy to get pancreatic cancer.

First, long-term smoking, a study shows that people who smoke now have more than a 65% increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer than non-smokers.

Second, a lot of alcohol, often binge drinking people, now people should be more socializing, it is inevitable that often drink a lot of alcohol, easy to suffer from pancreatic cancer.

Third, people who have been exposed to harmful chemical substances such as formaldehyde, naphthylamine and benzene compounds, organochlorine and so on for a long time.

Fourth, people with a family history of pancreatic cancer, hereditary pancreatitis, familial malignant melanoma, and familial adenomatous polyposis are more likely to get pancreatic cancer than normal people.

Fifth, people who are overweight and whose diet is based on foods with high fat content, high protein content and high sugar diet, such as fried foods, barbecue and ham, are prone to pancreatic cancer.

Fifth, people with diabetes and new diabetic patients are prone to pancreatic cancer, people with diabetes is a high-risk group of all kinds of tumors, new diabetic patients, may be because of pancreatic problems, so that the blood glucose rise.

Sixth, people with chronic pancreatitis are prone to pancreatic cancer.

VII. Older people are prone to pancreatic cancer, and studies have shown that pancreatic cancer occurs more often in older people. Men are more prone to pancreatic cancer than women. As the symptoms of pancreatic cancer are not typical at the early stage, many of them are in the late stage when the symptoms appear, and the best treatment time is missed. Therefore, the above people with risk factors should have regular checkups, timely detection and early treatment. In daily life, it is also necessary to develop a healthy lifestyle, develop a good habit of physical exercise, pay attention to a reasonable diet structure, and eat three meals a day on time and in accordance with the amount of food.

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