Several studies have confirmed that elevated postprandial blood glucose is a significant feature of Chinese diabetic patients, especially among the elderly. Healthy diet, moderate exercise and weight control can help improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose, especially postprandial glucose.

Postprandial blood glucose level is affected by a variety of factors such as postprandial B-cell function, sensitivity of target tissues and organs to insulin, gastrointestinal tract digestion, absorption and other functions, as well as the amount of food eaten, food composition, food preparation methods, speed of ingestion and other factors.

In addition to medication, a reasonable diet is a very important part of controlling postprandial blood glucose. Patients should not only control the amount of food they eat each time, but also pay attention to the reasonable combination of ingredients.

First of all, the patient's daily food intake should be fixed and balanced distribution to the three meals, do not overeat, irregular diet is very unfavorable to the regulation of blood glucose.

Food ingredients, staple food should be coarse and fine with mixed grains, beans and potatoes to replace half of the refined rice and white flour, such as staple food can eat whole wheat buns, mixed grain rice, oatmeal porridge, mung bean porridge, buckwheat noodles, oat noodles, corn nests and so on.

To eat more bitter melon, onions, cabbage and other green leafy vegetables, vegetables contain rich vitamins, trace elements and dietary fiber, dietary fiber can delay postprandial starch absorption into sugar, reduce postprandial blood sugar.

Choose poultry, eggs, fish and shrimp for protein, which are low in saturated fat and high in protein.

Under the premise of blood glucose standard (fasting blood glucose <7.0mmol/L, postprandial blood glucose <10.0mmol/L, glycated hemoglobin <7.5%), you can also eat a little bit of fruits between meals, and try to choose fruits with low sugar content, such as pomegranate, kiwifruit, cherries, guava, pomelo, and so on.

Food should be cooked in raw food, steamed and boiled to avoid loss of nutrients and avoid greasy practices such as frying and deep-frying.

Eating speed should be slow, because after the food enters the body, blood sugar rises to a certain level, the brain's satiety center will send a signal to stop eating. When eating too fast, before the brain sends a signal to stop eating, the amount of food has exceeded the body's needs, resulting in excessive food intake and blood sugar abnormalities.

Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise helps to improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood glucose, especially after meals. Exercise can be in the form of walking, brisk walking, jogging, swimming, Tai Chi, dancing, etc., each time about 30 minutes, no less than 5 times a week, the amount of exercise to slightly sweat, do not feel fatigue is appropriate.

Exercise also allows patients to reduce their body weight, and obese patients with type 2 diabetes who lose weight (5%) help to increase the body's sensitivity to insulin, which contributes to the improvement of postprandial blood glucose.

Medication should be taken in accordance with the doctor's prescription, there are more varieties of hypoglycemic drugs mainly for lowering postprandial blood glucose, there are Acarbose, Voglibose and Miglitol, Nateglinide and Repaglinide, Selegiline, Viglatin and Saxagliptin. When taking these medications, it is important to monitor changes in blood glucose and the observation of adverse reactions, and to provide timely feedback to the doctor on the use of the medication.

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References:

[1] Tang, Li-Zhi. Pharmacological treatment of postprandial hyperglycemia in Chinese diabetic patients. Drug Evaluation. 2012.9(4) 42-43

By Cui Xifeng Beijing Fengtai Hospital 2.10.2018

Drugs.com authoritative interpretation, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be prosecuted

Because our residents' staple food is mainly carbohydrates, and the diet is more staple food and less vegetable intake, most of the diabetic patients have high postprandial blood glucose.

In order to break the high blood sugar after meal, first of all, we need to know what is the cause of high blood sugar after meal. We have to first figure out the mechanisms that regulate postprandial blood glucose in normal people and sugar addicts:

Read this chart so we can treat the symptoms.

1. Choose the right food

Carbohydrates in staple foods have a significant impact on postprandial blood glucose, theBut sugar lovers don't have as much insulin to fight high blood sugar, so they can only cut down on their sugar intake.The correct approach is to mix coarse and fine, coarse grains should account for 1/3 of the main food.Increase the intake of vegetables and other dietary fiber, both to increase satiety and will not raise blood sugar, but also conducive to nutritional balance.

2. Eat at the right time

People usually have three meals a day, while sugar lovers can have four or five meals a day instead. Eating less and more meals is under the premise of constant total calories in a day, part of the food in the main meal will be divided out as an additional meal, this method is not only conducive to the control of postprandial blood glucose, but also effective in preventing preprandial hypoglycemia and reducing blood glucose fluctuations.

3. Increase postprandial exercise

Exercise is an important part of the treatment principle for sugar lovers. Adhering to exercise can improve insulin sensitivity and effectively reduce the postprandial blood glucose peak. The best exercise time for sugar lovers should be about 1 hour after meals, and aerobic exercise lasting 30 minutes is the best. For example, after dinner, the end of scrubbing, just go out to exercise. Walking, slow walking, fast walking, square dancing can be.

4. Pre-meal loading method

For glucose patients with delayed peak insulin secretion, a buffer time can be given to the pancreatic beta cells. China Diabetes Medical Nutritional Therapy Guidelines states that the preprandial loading method helps to control blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes, and that digesting protein and carbohydrate foods 30min before meals can produce the greatest insulin response. So sugar lovers can eat a cup of milk, eggs or nutrition bar half an hour before meal, which helps to control blood sugar after meal.

5. Adjustment of medication

If sugar lovers take glucose-lowering drugs for a long time and their postprandial blood glucose is still not well controlled, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time to change the treatment plan. Sugar patients treated with insulin can add mealtime insulin to control postprandial hyperglycemia if necessary. Finally, it should be emphasized that all medications should be used in accordance with the doctor's instructions.

Sugar man health network, a temperature control of sugar platform, welcome to pay attention to the questions and answers!

1. Regular blood glucose measurement

Regular blood glucose testing is the first step if you want your blood glucose to be on target. It is not enough to only measure fasting blood glucose, regular monitoring of postprandial blood glucose should not be missing. When blood glucose is stable, monitor blood glucose after three meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) and fasting blood glucose once a week. If you find that your blood glucose is not up to standard, you should adjust your diet and treatment program in time.

Post-meal blood glucose is generally the value of blood glucose 2 hours from the start of the meal, for example, if you ate breakfast at 7:00 a.m., then the 2-hour post-meal blood glucose measurement should be at 9:00 a.m.

2. Reasonable diet

Professor Zuo Xiaoxia of PLA 309 Hospital pointed out that sugar lovers should not only control the amount of staple food, but also balance the structure of staple food. The general daily amount of staple food is 200 grams to 300 grams, and obese people are controlled at 150 grams to 200 grams. Eat a variety of grain and cereal foods, such as rice, flour, corn, barley, etc. can be changed, and pay attention to coarse and fine grain with. In addition to staple foods, dairy products, meat and fruit and vegetable intake is essential.

If you visualize the plate as a 3-part meal, with vegetables, main course and meat, the best ratio of each part is 2:1:1. In addition, regular meal timing is very important for blood glucose control.

Sugar lovers can choose different kinds and colors of fruits and vegetables to get a variety of nutrients. Fruit consumption is generally recommended to be 100 grams to 250 grams, and try to choose fruits with low sugar content, such as apples, papayas, strawberries, grapefruit, lemons, poppies, prunes, apricots, sour pears, blancmange, guava and so on.

Fruit consumption is appropriate between regular meals (e.g., 10 a.m., 3 p.m.), and it is not recommended to eat fruit immediately before or after meals. It is best to consume it when the blood glucose control is better and the condition is stable, when the fasting blood glucose is <7.0 mmol/L, the postprandial blood glucose is <10.0 mmol/L, and the glycated hemoglobin is <7.5%.

3. Proper exercise

Lower postprandial blood sugar, exercise is a good choice, the best is to walk for about 30 minutes after each meal, it is not recommended to walk immediately after the meal, which will not be conducive to the digestion of food, and the effect of lowering sugar is not good. The time of exercise is generally recommended to be about 30 minutes to 1 hour after meals. In addition, even if you can't walk after every meal, try to make sure you have time for activity every day. It is best not to exercise early in the morning on an empty stomach, especially for patients prone to hypoglycemia.

4. Choosing the right medication

Currently oral hypoglycemic drugs can be roughly divided into two categories to reduce fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose, these two types of drugs have their own target, many patients with postprandial blood glucose control is not ideal, may be the main drugs used to reduce fasting blood glucose is the main, so it is recommended that the patient is the best in the guidance of a professional doctor to choose the appropriate hypoglycemic drugs.

In addition, although many patients would like to reach the blood glucose level during the treatment, hypoglycemia can also hinder the patient's "expectation" of reaching the blood glucose level. Hypoglycemia can be very harmful, and it is important to avoid hypoglycemia while reaching the blood glucose level.

Post-meal blood glucose is mainly influenced by what you eat, and you need to do it in order to control your post-meal blood glucose:

1. Eat smaller meals so that the amount of energy eaten at each meal is lower, helping to control postprandial blood sugar.

2, staple food is the body's main source of blood sugar, diabetic patients can be part of the miscellaneous grains instead of refined grains, miscellaneous grains are rich in dietary fiber, which helps to smooth the postprandial blood sugar, such as adding an appropriate amount of black beans, mung beans, millet, and other foods in the rice.

3, try to choose more vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables, which are rich in dietary fiber, low energy, easy to produce a sense of satiety, which helps to reduce the intake of other foods in a meal.

4, reduce cooking oil intake, daily cooking oil intake control within 25 grams, and try to choose vegetable oil, eat less or not eat animal oil, fat and grease high energy, easy to raise blood sugar.

Half an hour after meals for sports, such as brisk walking, jogging, etc. Half an hour after meals is the peak of postprandial blood glucose, which can effectively reduce the peak of blood glucose and lower postprandial blood glucose.

1, postprandial hyperglycemia is a major feature of diabetes in China, and 82% of sugar users will appear. For this reason, some authoritative experts have written a "consensus on controlling postprandial blood glucose" to call on the majority of sugar users and doctors to attach great importance to postprandial hyperglycemia.

2, postprandial hyperglycemia is even more harmful than simple fasting blood glucose; damaging cardiovascular and cerebral vessels, triggering atherosclerosis, and aggravating insulin resistance.

3, China's high incidence of postprandial hyperglycemia is mainly caused by a number of dietary habits: staple food is too much, only eat fine staple food, a meal is too full, vegetables are less, lack of exercise, etc., to improve the postprandial hyperglycemia should start from these aspects.

4, staple food: reduce part of the staple food, increase vegetables; reduce 1/3 of the fine staple food to eat coarse grains to replace; reduce 1/3 of the fine staple food to eat potatoes, groundnut, pumpkin to replace.

5, to avoid a meal too full, it is recommended that the three meals a day into four or five meals, you can avoid an intake of too much food caused by postprandial blood glucose rise.

6. Avoid foods that are fast-glycemic: rice porridge, mushy foods, noodle soups, sugary drinks, etc.

7, reduce salt intake during meals, can be replaced by vinegar; more vinegar can delay the rise of blood sugar after meals.

8, cooking food, as far as possible, cut large pieces, can save time, large pieces of food can extend the digestion time.

9, eat staple food, do not eat while hot, hot rice than slightly cooler than the speed of sugar; also note that, as far as possible, rice whole hard, put some beans.

10, should not sit down immediately after the meal, you can try to stand or walk to delay the postprandial blood sugar; 1 hour after the meal can be fast walking and other moderate intensity exercise.

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Many sugar lovers do not control postprandial blood sugar well, they do not know what is the reason, you can refer to the listed points, see which point they did not do, must be adjusted in a timely manner, regulate the value of glycated hemoglobin, to avoid the onset of complications, improve the quality of life.

1. According to the doctor's instructions for injecting insulin and taking hypoglycemic drugs, and learn to adjust the amount of insulin injected and the amount of hypoglycemic drugs to be taken according to the differences of each person are in need of fine-tuning, the doctor will guide a popular amount of insulin to tell us how much insulin to inject and how much hypoglycemic drugs to be taken, but there is a difference in the individual's physique, and you can try to increase or decrease the amount of the drug yourself, and pick the dose of medicine and the amount of hypoglycemic drugs that best suit your own amount. The amount of insulin to be injected. However, once you have determined this amount, do not change it arbitrarily, otherwise it is easy to produce fluctuations in blood glucose and make blood glucose unstable.

2. Do not change the amount of insulin injections, glucose-lowering drug intake without authorization for the favorite food Many friends may want to eat more teeth watermelon, want to eat a piece of cake without authorization to do more units of insulin injections or more glucose-lowering medication, this practice is a very dangerous practice, insulin and glucose-lowering medication have a delayed effect, is not necessarily able to maintain normal postprandial glucose, it is easy to spike blood glucose after a meal, and then we rest or do other things when the drug takes effect, let us low blood glucose, serious shock coma. And then we rest or do other things when the drug works, let us hypoglycemia, serious shock coma. If you can't help avoiding them, you can choose to eat small amounts, but don't change the amount of insulin or hypoglycemic medication, and smooth out your blood sugar by exercising more after meals.

3. Eating wolf, eat too much staple food Sugar lovers in order to make blood sugar rise more smoothly, sugar intake more slowly, should be chewing and eating, especially when the intake of staple food, do not stare at the staple food to eat, more mixed meat and vegetables together to reduce the starch and digestive juices in contact with the opportunity to be able to slowly break down the starch into glucose to be absorbed, can be better to stabilize the postprandial blood glucose. The amount of staple food a meal should not be consumed in excess, staple food would have been broken down into glucose to affect blood glucose, even if the rate of increase in sugar is slow, but the total amount of more will make the postprandial blood glucose for a long time, a meal of 150-200g staple food amount (a small bowl of rice) will be enough.

4. good at adding dietary fiber-rich foods in the main food, eat less rice Sugar lovers the best way to eat the main food is to add coarse grains and beans, grains and beans are rich in dietary fiber, can assist in smoothing the rate of increase in blood sugar after meals, improve the sense of satiety; in addition, it is best to eat less rice, rice after a long time to boil, more soft and easy to absorb, which the starch pasteurization of the degree of high, which means that it is easier to be broken down into glucose was absorbed, so it is very unfavorable to the postprandial blood sugar.

5. Eat less fruit after meals may have friends used to eat fruit after meals, sugar friends best not have this habit, very unfavorable to the postprandial blood sugar. After the meal is supposed to be the time period of the blood sugar spike, if you also eat sugar-rich fruit is bound to add fuel to the fire, for sugar lovers are more likely to make the blood sugar instability, to eat fruit is possible, but it is best to choose between two meals, in the lower blood sugar when consumed.

First of all, the appearance of postprandial blood glucose is mainly due to the rapid decomposition and absorption of carbohydrates after eating a meal, resulting in an increase in blood glucose. Therefore, an abnormal rise in blood glucose after a meal is usually due to excessive carbohydrate intake or the intake of carbohydrates with a high glycemic coefficient.

In such cases, it is recommended to carry out diabetic dietary recipe development, strictly control the intake of carbohydrates, and if the intake is already the standard intake, delay the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates by splitting the meal or using glycosidase inhibitors, as well as reduce the porridge and other high glycemic coefficient of cooking methods.

Secondly, the abnormally high postprandial blood glucose may also be related to the fact that the glucose-lowering drugs used are not compatible with the patient's condition. If the patient is a type 1 diabetes mellitus with absolute insulin deficiency, the simple use of oral hypoglycemic drugs such as insulinotropic agents can not play a role in lowering blood glucose, in which case short-acting insulin injections are needed to control postprandial blood glucose.

There is no best treatment plan for diabetic patients' blood glucose control, only the most suitable treatment plan for their own body. It is generally recommended to go to the hospital for standardization, and then determine the individualized diabetes treatment plan after the examination to clarify the actuality of their own.

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Simple postprandial hyperglycemia should be controlled on the basis of total dietary calories, choose foods rich in dietary fiber (coarse grains, high-fiber vegetables, etc.), eat more meals with less food; chew slowly and prolong the meal time. One hour after the meal, moderate exercise is also conducive to the lowering of blood glucose.