The human skeleton has its own life expectancy, with age, the human skeleton will also have problems, people over 40 years old bones will slowly become fragile, prone to osteoporosis and other problems. Once osteoporosis begins to appear, the bones of the whole body will be painful, especially the waist, pelvis, back pain is more obvious, and even become shorter, hunchback, serious and easy to lead to the occurrence of bone fracture, jeopardizing the health of people. So how can we effectively improve osteoporosis?

　　1, more exercise: through exercise to regulate the metabolic situation of the whole body, general osteoporosis patients are suitable for more soothing activities, do not remember to strenuous exercise, so as not to avoid injuries, exercise can be walking, climbing, jogging, etc., the simple fitness equipment in the residential area is also a very good way of activities. Exercise can stimulate the bones with the help of external forces, promote blood circulation in the bones, so as to alleviate osteoporosis, this method needs to be persisted for a long time and pay attention to moderation, according to one's ability, not to exercise too much.

　　2, dietary supplements: through dietary supplementation of bone loss of calcium, you can eat more calcium-rich foods, such as bone broth, milk, dairy products, soy products, shrimp and so on. Dietary supplements is a slow and gradual process, so do not short-term intake of too much, once too much intake not only can not be absorbed but also will jeopardize the body.

　　3. Drug therapy: Taking or injecting certain drugs can treat osteoporosis to a certain extent. For example, testosterone can be used to treat osteoporosis in male patients who suffer from hormonal imbalance in the body, while older and menopausal female patients can be treated by taking estradiol. Therapeutic medications also include calcitonin, vitamin D and calcium, and diphosphates, all of which need to be used under medical supervision.

　　In short, pay attention to diet, avoid eating too much sugar, salt, drinking coffee and other foods that affect calcium absorption, while more exercise, appropriate sun exposure, and appropriate supplementation of calcium tablets will play a role in the prevention and improvement of osteoporosis.

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The human skeleton has its own lifespan, and once you cross the age of 40, you will face problems such as bone degeneration and osteoporosis. What are the ways to improve osteoporosis? In fact, there are many ways to alleviate the problem, reasonable exercise is one of them, the following is to see which exercise can alleviate osteoporosis.

What Exercises Ease Osteoporosis

Heel rise and fall exercise.Standing with heels together, toes open at 30 degrees, hands on the waist, heels together a fall, each time to do 10 to 20 times, 3 times a day. Heel up and down movement can exert pressure on the thigh root, play the effect of strengthening the thigh bone, at the same time can make the calf belly muscles get exercise.

Supination back stretching exercise.Lie on a blanket or bed, hands crossed behind the neck, slowly raise the upper body, while the feet pressed on the ground or bed to remain motionless, this action adhere to 5 ~ 10 seconds, and slowly exhale, and then the posture is restored. One time to do 15 times, once a day can be. Pay attention to the neck do not press too tight, the upper body to lift the height of the strength. The exercise can strengthen the lumbar vertebrae by exercising the back muscles.

Squatting Exercise.Stand up, feet spread at 30 degrees, slightly wider than shoulder width. Arms forward, waist force slowly squatting, knees at 90 degrees, pay attention to the knees do not exceed the toes, the whole process of about 10 seconds, and then stand straight. Do it 5 times at a time, 3 times a day. Squatting exercise can strengthen the thigh muscles and gluteal muscles, and thus enhance the support of the upper body bones.

The dos and don'ts of exercise to improve osteoporosis in the elderly:

1. Every part of the body every joint should be moved to.

2, before the exercise must be appropriate warm-up preparations, such as full movement of the body's joints, make it flexible, including: massage shoulder, arm and leg muscles to make it relax, turn the neck, waist, hips and ankles to make it adapt to the amplitude required by the movement.

3、Slightly osteoporosis, can continue normal work, life, can choose a greater activity of sports, such as long-distance running, boxing, swimming, hiking, playing ball, and so on.

4, exercise is not a day or two can be effective, the important thing is to be able to develop habits, adhere to and always do. The principle of exercise is that it varies from person to person and according to one's ability. Depending on the age, physical condition and the degree of osteoporosis, different types of exercise should be chosen.

5, severe osteoporosis, daily life can not take care of themselves, and even must be bedridden, activities and sports are still necessary, you can let the patient sit up, assist him to move the shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers, hips, knees and other joints, but also let him sit in a rocking chair, and encourage the patient to gently rock the chair, to achieve the purpose of the movement.

6. If osteoporosis symptoms are more serious and have affected normal life and work, you can choose to have less activity, such as stepping and walking in place.

Osteoporosis itself consists of three main categories of symptoms:

(1) Pain Patients may have low back pain or peripheral pain, which is aggravated by increased loading or restricted movement, and in severe cases there is difficulty in turning over, getting up and sitting down, and walking.

(2) Spinal deformity Osteoporosis can be severe with shortened height and hunchback. Vertebral compression fracture will lead to thoracic deformity, abdominal compression, affecting cardiorespiratory function and so on.

(3) Fragility fracture. These are low-energy or nonviolent fractures, such as those that occur as a result of a fall from standing height or less than standing height or as a result of other daily activities. Common sites where fragility fractures occur are the thoracic and lumbar spine, hip, distal radius and ulna, and proximal humerus.

• Lifestyle interventions

Weight-bearing exercise programs may be mildly beneficial, given the correlation between reduced physical activity and bone loss and fractures in older men, and the positive effects of exercise in women with osteoporosis. In addition, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption should be avoided. Supplement with adequate amounts of calcium (total diet plus supplemental calcium: 1000 mg/d for younger men and 1000-1200 mg/d for older men) and vitamin D (600-800 U/d). For older individuals confined indoors and other at-risk populations, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] concentrations may be lower at these levels of intake, and more vitamin D intake may be needed.

• medication

What are the conditions for which drug therapy should be initiated? Those who have osteoporosis (T≤-2.5) or fragility fracture; or those who have bone loss (-2.5

Calcium and vitamin D therapy and weight-bearing exercise are recommended for most premenopausal women with osteoporosis. Pharmacologic treatments with anti-fracture efficacy in postmenopausal women include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), teriparatide (PTH 1-34), and denosumab. However, there are few data to guide clinicians in the use of these agents in premenopausal women, and virtually no data on the efficacy or safety of these treatments in premenopausal women without a secondary etiology of osteoporosis. Therefore, pharmacologic treatments are often used only in those patients with fractures, active bone loss, and/or a known persistent secondary etiology of osteoporosis and bone loss. In premenopausal women with only low BMD without fractures, known secondary etiology of low BMD, and evidence of accelerated bone loss, pharmacologic therapy is almost never needed. For pharmacologic therapy in male patients, we recommend bisphosphonates as first-line therapy.

bisphosphonate--Bisphosphonates are one of the first-line agents in the treatment of osteoporosis in women and are equally effective in men with osteoporosis. In men with osteoporosis, we support the use of oral alendronate or risedronate, and intravenous bisphosphonate formulations may be used in patients who cannot tolerate oral bisphosphonates or have difficulty completing the dosing requirements (including the inability to sit upright for 30-60 minutes). Zoledronic acid (ZA) is the only intravenous bisphosphonate that has been shown to be effective in preventing fractures in men and is therefore the drug of choice for our treatment.

In men with severe osteoporosis [low bone mineral density (BMD) (T-value <-2.5) and at least 1 fragility fracture] who are unable to tolerate any of the currently available bisphosphonates, we recommend treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH).

In men with severe osteoporosis [low bone mineral density (BMD) (T-value <-2.5) and at least 1 fragility fracture] who continue to experience fractures after 1 year of bisphosphonate therapy, we recommend discontinuing bisphosphonates and switching to treatment with recombinant human parathyroid hormone (PTH).

When it comes to osteoporosis, we may not be unfamiliar with it, because it is highly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly people, osteoporosis is often considered a "disease of the elderly". Many people think that osteoporosis is caused by calcium deficiency, and when it comes to how to prevent osteoporosis, most of the answers are calcium supplements. Is osteoporosis really caused by calcium supplementation? Why do young people suffer from osteoporosis? How can osteoporosis patients improve their condition? Let's answer these questions at once.

Is osteoporosis a calcium deficiency?

Why is it that when you talk about osteoporosis, you mention calcium deficiency? This is because calcium is the most important chemical component in human bones, accounting for up to 60% of bone composition. The minerals in the bones are the guarantee of the hard texture of the bones. However, if the loss of calcium in the bones leads to a decrease in bone strength, a decrease in bone brittleness, and a fracture occurs at the slightest moment of inattention, this is osteoporosis.

When you look at it this way, there seems to be nothing wrong with osteoporosis being caused by a lack of calcium, but in fact there is certainly a problem. It is important to understand the concept that calcium loss from the bones cannot be equated with a lack of calcium in the food!

The human skeleton is in a constant metabolism, with constant bone building during adolescence and bone reconstruction after the skeleton has matured. Bone reconstruction consists of two processes: one is bone resorption, i.e., osteoclast activity is strengthened and old bone is absorbed and destroyed; the other is bone formation, osteoblast activity is strengthened and secretion of bone matrix is mineralized to form new bone, which is carried out in an orderly manner. However, when the balance between bone resorption and bone formation is broken and bone resorption is greater than bone formation, osteoporosis will occur.

So, the real problem with why osteoporosis occurs is that there is a problem with bone formation in the patient's body and the inability to integrate the calcium ions to form new bone. The cause of this result may be a lack of calcium in the food, a problem with the body's absorption of calcium, or the inability of calcium ions in the body to integrate into the new bone. The occurrence of osteoporosis is related to a variety of causes, and cannot simply be equated with a lack of calcium in the food.

What causes osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is categorized as primary, secondary, or idiopathic, with different etiologies.

• primary osteoporosis--Common in middle-aged and elderly people and postmenopausal women. Age-related osteoporosis is mainly due to the fact that the loss of calcium from the bones of the elderly is greater than its absorption, coupled with the body's reduced ability to absorb calcium and reduced activity; postmenopausal osteoporosis, on the other hand, is associated with a sharp decrease in the secretion of oestrogen in the body of the patient, which has a reduced effect in slowing down the rate of calcium loss from the bones.
• secondary osteoporosis-Mainly caused by certain other diseases or taking certain drugs. For example, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, liver and gallbladder diseases, kidney diseases, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases are easy to secondary osteoporosis; long-term use of gastric drugs, diuretics, hormones, painkillers, anticoagulants, anti-tuberculosis drugs and other drugs are also likely to lead to osteoporosis; cadmium, nickel, chromium, lead and other heavy metal poisoning can also lead to osteoporosis.
• idiopathic osteoporosis--Idiopathic osteoporosis is relatively rare, occurring in adolescents or adults between the ages of 8 and 14, and most have a family history of the disease.

Primary osteoporosis is most common in middle-aged and elderly people, especially post-menopausal women, while secondary osteoporosis is affected by the primary disease and has a wider age of onset. Although there are three different types of osteoporosis, the causes of the disease can be generally categorized into four groups: endocrine factors, nutritional factors, lifestyle factors and genetic factors.

01 / Endocrine factors

• oestrogen--Estrogens have a delaying effect on bone loss. Estrogens include estrone, estradiol, and estriol, of which estradiol has the strongest effect. Estradiol declines markedly after menopause, and is the main cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
• testosterone--Serum testosterone levels begin to decline in men after the age of 40, and androgen deficiency is the most important cause of osteoporosis in men.
• calcitonin-Calcitonin inhibits the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts via the calcitonin receptor in osteoblasts, and when calcitonin is deficient bone loss is accelerated.
• parathyroid hormone-Parathyroid hormone is used to promote bone resorption. With aging, parathyroid hormone levels rise significantly, resulting in more bone resorption than bone formation, causing osteoporosis.
• thyroxine (used treat underactive thyroid)--Thyroidism promotes bone conversion, with decreased bone resorption in thyroxine deficiency and increased bone resorption and formation in excess thyroxine, but with a greater effect on bone resorption. Patients with hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, are prone to osteoporosis due to decreased bone mass.
• vitamin D-Vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium in the small intestine after being converted to active vitamin D by the liver and kidney. Active vitamin D can promote the synthesis and secretion of osteocalcin by osteoblasts, which has a direct effect on bone formation. Vitamin D deficiency is also prone to osteoporosis.
• glucocorticosteroid (corticosteroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex)--Glucocorticoids have multiple effects on bone resorption, and excess or deficiency can lead to bone growth disorders. Excess glucocorticoids in the body can stimulate bone resorption, inhibit intestinal calcium absorption, increase urinary calcium excretion, and promote parathyroid hormone secretion and increased bone resorption, which is why glucocorticoid takers are prone to secondary osteoporosis.

02 / Nutritional factors

• 钙--Calcium deficiency is a major cause of osteoporosis. As the body's ability to absorb calcium decreases with age, the elderly often experience negative calcium balance due to decreased calcium intake or excessive calcium excretion, which in turn leads to the occurrence of osteoporosis. Therefore, no matter what age group you are, you should ensure that you have enough calcium in your diet.
• 磷--Phosphorus is also one of the very important elements in the human body. Phosphorus in bones promotes bone matrix synthesis and bone mineral deposition, and stable blood phosphorus levels are necessary for human bone growth and mineralization. Low or high phosphorus is detrimental to bone matrix synthesis and mineralization, which in turn leads to osteoporosis.
• carbohydrate--Long-term protein deficiency can lead to lower plasma proteins, insufficient synthesis of bone matrix proteins, and lagging behind in the formation of new bone, and if there is also a calcium deficiency, osteoporosis is likely to occur.
• vitamins-Vitamin D, vitamin K, vitamin B, vitamin C, and many other vitamin deficiencies all play a role in the development of osteoporosis.
• Other minerals--Deficiencies of magnesium, zinc, copper, and manganese in bones also play a role in the development of osteoporosis.

03 / Life factors

• smoking--Prolonged smoking increases blood calcium, which increases urinary calcium and urinary pyridinoline excretion, and also reduces the size of bone trabeculae, the rate of bone formation, and the rate of bone mineral salt deposition. Furthermore, smoking increases the risk of fractures in people with osteoporosis.
• Chronic excessive alcohol consumption--People who drink alcohol excessively over a long period of time will maintain a certain concentration of ethanol in their blood, which inhibits the function of osteoblasts, affects the growth and development of bones, and accelerates the loss of the amount of bone.
• Coffee, strong tea, beverages--Coffee, strong tea and carbonated beverages are rich in caffeine, which can promote the secretion of urinary calcium, exacerbate calcium loss and increase the risk of osteoporosis. Ellagic acid contained in tea can also precipitate with calcium in food, thus affecting calcium absorption.
• campaigns--The mechanical stimulation produced by exercise can change the configuration of bones, and moderate exercise can help bone health. Generally speaking, the intensity of exercise at 70% to 80% of the maximum exercise limit can play a role in maintaining bone density, such as 2 to 3 times a week, each time 15 to 60 minutes of sufficient intensity of exercise, it should be noted that discontinuous exercise is not conducive to the maintenance of bone mass.

04 / Genetic factors

• race (of people)--Osteoporosis is most commonly seen in Caucasians, followed by Yellows, and to a lesser extent in Blacks.
• transmit--Bone mass is closely related to genetic factors, and family lineage surveys have shown that approximately 46% to 62% of bone density is determined by genetic factors, and osteoporosis can be seen in multiple members of a family.

What are the symptoms and dangers of osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis in the course of the disease, including at least three stages of bone loss, osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. Calcium loss in the bones is silent, the patient may be asymptomatic at the beginning, and only when the bone loss reaches a certain level (more than 12%), then there will be pain in many parts of the periphery, and when the bone loss is further (more than 20%), then there will be an increased risk of fracture.

The symptoms and dangers of osteoporosis generally include these:

• back pain-Bone loss to a certain extent, the patient will have peripheral pain, with low back pain is most common, and gradually can spread to the whole body, resulting in generalized bone pain, weakness, symptoms from mild to severe continuous aggravation, in the spinal flexion and extension and vibration, the pain is more serious.
• easy fracture-When bone loss reaches 20% or more, patients are prone to fractures because their bones become brittle and may break during simple daily activities, usually in the hip, spine, and forearm. Fractures are the most significant danger of osteoporosis, and hip fractures and their complications can lead to death.
• Shortening of height and stooping--Patients become shorter in height because of the gradual deformation and shortening of the cones due to the reduced weight-bearing capacity of the spine. The cone is often accompanied by a compression fracture and wedge-shaped deformity, which can lead to a hunchback or scoliosis and deformity of the spine.
• chest tightness and shortness of breath-Osteoporosis patients with stooping and hunching can lead to lung pressure due to thoracic deformation, which affects the function of the respiratory system, causing symptoms such as chest tightness and shortness of breath, and is also prone to lung infections occurring emphysema.

Therefore, middle-aged and elderly people, especially middle-aged and elderly women, should go to the hospital in time to check whether it is due to osteoporosis when they have unexplained back pain or bone pain and weakness. Bone loss begins at a young age, and early prevention of osteoporosis is also necessary for young people who are often exposed to osteoporosis risk factors.

How to Improve Osteoporosis?

01 / Defining the cause of the disease

As mentioned before, there are primary and secondary osteoporosis, and the causes of osteoporosis are varied. As an osteoporosis patient, the first thing to do is to find out the cause of osteoporosis. If there are nutritional deficiencies, we need to supplement the deficient nutrients through food or drugs; if it is caused by endocrine problems, we need to regulate the endocrine system through certain drugs; if it is secondary to diseases, we need to actively treat the primary diseases while treating osteoporosis; if it is caused by medications, we need to discontinue or change the relevant medications. In short, all of this should be based on the premise of a clear cause.

02 / Medication

As mentioned before, when bone resorption is greater than bone formation leading to an imbalance in bone reconstruction, bone loss leads to osteoporosis. If the patient is deficient in calcium, he may need to take calcium and vitamin D supplements; if there are endocrine factors affecting the patient, he will need to choose anti-bone resorption drugs and drugs to promote bone formation according to the patient's specific situation.

• antiresorptive drug--Estrogens, progestins, calcitonin, diphosphonates, and other drugs.
• Drugs that promote bone formation--Fluoride, isoflavones, parathyroid hormone, androgens, vitamin K, and other drugs.

In addition, osteoporosis patients can also under the guidance of specialists in the dialectical treatment of Chinese herbs or proprietary Chinese medicines, the choice of Chinese medicine treatment should be careful to avoid the misunderstanding of the prescription.

03 / Supplementary Nutrition

Some osteoporosis patients are not caused by lack of calcium in food or calcium absorption, the blood calcium concentration is not low, so it is also not possible to blindly calcium treatment, so as not to overload the body with calcium ions instead of jeopardizing health. The average person from the diet can be supplemented with enough calcium, osteoporosis patients can be appropriate to consume more dairy products, eggs, but pay attention to excessive intake of animal protein will also increase calcium loss, in addition to dark green vegetables and legumes are also good sources of calcium.

Osteoporosis patients also need to refrain from picky eating and partiality, ensure comprehensive nutrition through a balanced diet, and ensure the intake of minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, copper, zinc, manganese and boron, vitamins such as Vitamin D, C, K, as well as proteins and other nutrients, the lack of which may aggravate the process of osteoporosis.

04 / Sunbathing and exercise

Osteoporosis patients should do more outdoor exercise, on the one hand, more sunshine, in the sun under ultraviolet irradiation can promote the skin synthesis of vitamin D, which in turn promotes the absorption of calcium; on the other hand, exercise will produce stress stimulation of the bones, which will help to increase the bone density, regular exercise of people with better muscle strength and body coordination, but also to help people with osteoporosis to avoid falls and fractures. Osteoporosis patients should persist in proper exercise for a long time, such as walking, jogging, swimming, etc., from which the bones can benefit.

05 / Changing bad habits

As already mentioned, bad habits such as long-term excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and long-term consumption of caffeinated beverages are risk factors for osteoporosis, and these bad habits happen to be the commonalities of many young people nowadays, which is an important reason why many young people suffer from osteoporosis. Osteoporosis patients, must change these habits.

Finally, to summarize, there are multiple causes of osteoporosis, which cannot be prevented and treated simply by calcium supplementation, but through systematic examination to identify the cause of the disease and then treat the symptoms. Young people suffering from osteoporosis are generally associated with bad habits such as smoking, drinking, beverages, lack of exercise, etc. Whether it is for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, these risk factors should be avoided. Osteoporosis is a prevalent disease among middle-aged and elderly people, and the danger should not be ignored. In addition to adhering to standardized treatment, it is crucial to take good care of your life, especially to prevent fractures.

Preventing osteoporosis: Calcium is better than vitamin D.

Osteoporosis patients: about 69.94 million, and about 210 million people with low bone mass;

Adults with diabetes (20-79 years old): 114 million;

Hypertensive patients: about 270 million.

The number of people affected by the gang of osteoporosis, diabetes and hypertension in our country can be alarming.

Director Liu Feng reminds this large group of people that diabetes and hypertension diseases themselves and the medications they are treated with have an impact on bones, so while effectively controlling blood sugar and blood pressure to reduce complications, effective measures should be taken as early as possible to minimize the incidence of osteoporosis and avoid falls.

"The first and foremost is to change the lifestyle - eat a balanced diet rich in calcium, low salt and moderate protein; avoid excessive consumption of coffee and carbonated beverages; avoid smoking and alcohol abuse, and be careful with medications that affect bone metabolism; take calcium and vitamin D supplements; take appropriate outdoor exercise and sunshine, and do more of the bone-healthy physical exercise and rehabilitation; taking various measures to prevent falls, paying attention to the presence of diseases and medications that increase the risk of falls; and strengthening protective measures for oneself and the environment, etc."

Director Lou Huiling said, "If osteoporosis has been diagnosed, relevant anti-osteoporosis medications should be taken and attention should be paid to long-term management."

Calcium supplementation can prevent osteoporosis, but it can also affect your health if you don't take it properly. Therefore, many people are keen to take blood tests to check whether they are calcium-deficient before deciding whether to take additional calcium supplements.

Director Lou Huiling does not recommend this: "Blood calcium has a balancing system that mobilizes bone calcium to replenish it once it is deficient, so, in general, blood calcium does not detect a calcium deficiency. Only when there is a problem with the parathyroid glands will there be a calcium deficiency in the blood. To find out if you have a calcium deficiency, you may want to have your bone density tested regularly to check your bone mass."

And relative to calcium, Director Lou Huiling believes that another thing is more need to supplement - vitamin D.

"Calcium absorption is entirely dependent on vitamin D, which is important for bone growth at all ages, not only helps calcium absorption, but also inhibits calcium excretion and promotes calcium deposition in bones." Director Lou Huiling said, "It is recommended that people, especially those with less sun exposure, the elderly, the obese, osteoporosis patients, etc., undergo vitamin D-related testing and, if they are deficient, take timely supplements."

Focused Q&A for Osteoporosis Patients

Life Times invited endocrinologists from the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Southern Medical University

:: Why do people get osteoporosis?

Shanxi reader Ms. Pan asked: I am 62 years old, have serious osteoporosis, and now I can't walk a bit. I've had a lot of tests, but I can't find the cause. What are the possible causes of osteoporosis?

Solution: Osteoporosis usually has no obvious clinical manifestations at the initial stage, but as the disease progresses, bone mass is continuously lost and bone microstructure is destroyed, and patients will suffer from bone pain, spinal deformity, and even osteoporotic fracture and other consequences. Therefore, it is recommended that you go to the hospital for bone density and lumbar spine X-ray examination.

Osteoporosis can be caused by a variety of etiological factors. Before diagnosing primary osteoporosis, it is important to emphasize and exclude other diseases that affect bone metabolism, including endocrine diseases (including parathyroid disease, gonadal disease, adrenal disease and thyroid disease, etc.), immune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, and long-term use of glucocorticosteroids or other drugs that affect bone metabolism.

:: What medication should I take?

Anhui reader Ms. Ji asked: I am 67 years old, suffering from osteoporosis, now joint pain, bone pain, especially serious when I get up in the morning. What can I do to treat it? How can I stop the pain?

Answer:Osteoporosis prevention and treatment measures mainly include basic measures, and pharmacological interventions.Basic measures include a well-balanced diet rich in calcium, low in salt and moderate in protein; medication is usually preferred to drugs with a broader spectrum of anti-fracture properties (e.g., alendronate, zoledronic acid, risedronate, and denosumab). Oral medication is preferred for those at low to moderate risk of fracture (e.g., young postmenopausal women with low BMD levels but no history of fracture). For those who cannot tolerate oral medication, have contraindications, poor compliance, and high fracture risk (e.g., elderly patients with multiple vertebral or hip fractures, patients with very low bone density), injectable preparations (e.g., zoledronic acid, teriparatide, or dinosemide) may be considered, and the specific use of these medications needs to be under the supervision of a physician.

¡Ó Is it enough to take calcium supplements? ¡Ó

Mr. Lin, a reader from Jiangsu, asked: My partner is 62 years old and has no disease except for love of tea and little exercise, but he was recently diagnosed with osteoporosis. May I ask whether osteoporosis is calcium deficiency, as long as the calcium can be cured?

SOLUTION: Aging, female menopause, family history of fragility fractures, and unhealthy lifestyles such as low physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, excessive consumption of caffeinated beverages, nutritional imbalances, excessive or insufficient protein intake, calcium and/or Vitamin D deficiencies, high-sodium diets, and low body weight all contribute to an increased chance of osteoporosis onset rather than just calcium deficiency.Therapeutic measures mainly include basic measures such as calcium and vitamin D supplementation, anti-osteoporotic drug interventions, etc.It's not just a matter of taking calcium supplements. When diagnosed with osteoporosis, it should be taken seriously and regular treatment should be sought at a hospital.

● Does bone broth provide calcium?

Shanghai reader Ms. Jia asked: I am 58 years old, suffering from mild osteoporosis, usually eat fruits rich in vitamin C, but also strengthened exercise. I have heard that drinking bone broth is good for osteoporosis treatment, is it effective? Are there any other dietary remedies?

Answer:Drinking bone broth for calcium is not scientific.The calcium in the bones is not free calcium that the body can absorb and utilize, but calcium salts that are bound by ossification, therefore, most of the calcium salts present in bone broth cannot be absorbed and utilized by the body. Osteoporosis treatment cannot be limited to calcium supplementation alone, but requires regular treatment to achieve good results. ▲ (Article source: Life Times)

Hello, everyone! I'm Blessed Dad, a practicing physician. I hope my answer is useful to you.

Two days ago, rain and snow, slippery ground, the hospital orthopedic department is full again, half of the emergency fracture is osteoporotic fracture. This kind of fracture is also known as the "last fracture", because many elderly people never get up after the fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are known for their high mortality, disability, and non-healing rates, and the incidence is much higher than one might think. One osteoporotic fracture occurs every three seconds worldwide, and about 50% of women and 20% of men will have an osteoporotic fracture after the age of 50. So osteoporosis must be taken seriously and must be improved!

When many people talk about improving osteoporosis, they think of calcium supplementation, which is actually very one-sided, calcium supplementation is only one of the many measures to improve osteoporosis.

1. Adequate calcium

This is the foundation of the fight against osteoporosis. Elderly people need a little more calcium than middle-aged adults because of increased calcium loss, up to 1,000 to 1,200 milligrams per day. The best sources of calcium are natural foods, and vegetables and milk are the most important and best calcium supplements. Older adults can basically meet their calcium needs by eating 1 pound of vegetables and 500 milliliters of milk per day. If this amount is not reached, calcium supplements should be taken.

2. Vitamin D

Vitamin D is the key to calcium absorption and deposition into the bones, and a deficiency of vitamin D will make even more calcium supplements ineffective. The skin can synthesize vitamin D under ultraviolet radiation, so it is necessary to get more sunshine. Older people's ability to synthesize vitamin D decreases, and with less sun exposure in the fall and winter, they are prone to vitamin D deficiency and need to supplement with an additional 600-800 U per day.

3. Exercise

Exercise, especially impedance and weight-bearing exercise, helps calcium deposition in bones. Exercise also improves muscle atrophy in older people, increases muscle strength and reduces falls, thereby reducing the incidence of fractures.

4. Drug treatment

For severe osteoporosis, treatment with bisphosphonates is recommended. They are available orally as well as intravenously, and both work to increase bone density and reduce osteoporotic bone pain.

I'm FooDaddy, a practicing physician, and if you think I'm making sense, just give me a like 😜 Follow my headline for more nutritional health information.

It's also uncommon to have osteoporosis at such a young age.

Osteoporosis, a systemic disease characterized by decreased bone mass and destruction of the microstructure of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture.

Rehabilitation of osteoporosis is based on the principle of prevention, with exercise therapy as the mainstay, together with physical factor therapy, drug therapy and other therapeutic measures to alleviate pain, enhance the body's function, improve physical condition, improve the quality of life, and to achieve a faster and more effective increase in bone density and reduce the risk of fracture.

The three main principles in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: calcium supplementation, exercise therapy, and dietary modification.

Osteoporosis has a slow onset, with large individual differences, and anti-osteoporosis treatment is based on "calcium + active vitamin D". But you are so young, you can drink a glass of milk every day, often eat some fish, shrimp, supplement enough protein, less alcohol, less coffee. The important thing is to keep sunbathing every day, which has a good effect on calcium absorption.

Exercise, this is really important. Today I met a small child's mother to consult, her child is small, often cold, to check the calcium and iron deficiency. Asked me if I can be adjusted through traditional Chinese medicine, I told her that there is no need to adjust traditional Chinese medicine. Let the child go out every day to do some activities, what sunshine at noon can improve the symptoms.

Aerobic exercise, including walking, running, aerobics, dancing, bicycling, ball games, gymnastics, etc.. This exercise is effective in increasing bone strength by generating multiple tensions that act on the entire bone structure.

Resistance training, should include the muscle groups that star in the whole body so that they can act on the limbs. The entire exercise should be slow and controlled, and the load applied should be such that muscle fatigue is felt after 10-15 repetitions and should be gradually increased thereafter.

Exercise intensity, which is moderate, is the most effective in combating osteoporosis and reducing the risk of fracture.

It is important to warm up before doing exercise, and it is also important not to eat fat in one bite, and to make gradual progress.

I'm Dr. Lee from the Rehabilitation Department. Click the upper right corner to follow me, stay away from sub-health and enjoy a healthy life.

Osteoporosis is an epidemic disease that seriously affects the quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people, and our country currently has the largest number of osteoporosis patients in the world. Osteoporosis can be caused by aging, unbalanced nutrition, unbalanced exercise or other diseases of the body. Almost everyone cannot escape the problem of osteoporosis.

It used to be widely believed that osteoporosis symptoms can only be delayed, not reversed. In fact, this is a misunderstanding due to the underdeveloped scientific research technology of the last century. Modern medicine has found that the human skeleton can be divided into three parts:

1. "Rigid features" composed of inorganic minerals such as calcium and phosphorus;

2. Skeletal framework formed by collagen, proteoglycans, etc., constitutes "flexible features";

3. Inorganic and organic substances that play an important role in the intermediate stages of bone formation and intermediates in the formation of bones, which play an important role in promoting the absorption and deposition of the "rigid components" of the human body, as well as the formation of the "flexible components".

Therefore, the practice of supplementing only calcium and vitamin D in previous studies and treatments, which failed to reverse osteoporosis symptoms and only slowed down the continued deterioration, was due to insufficient knowledge of bone composition and lack of systematic bone nutritional supplementation.

For modern medical means, if you are under 70 years of age and have no other diseases, then with systematic bone nutritional supplementation such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, vitamin C, etc., and reasonable exercise, it is possible to make osteoporosis is to realize the reversal. And for secondary osteoporosis and older than 70 years old, systematic nutritional supplementation will also be of great help.

It is especially important to note that proper exercise is very important in the treatment of osteoporosis. During exercise, muscle activity constantly stimulates bone tissue, making bones stronger. Exercise also helps to enhance the body's responsiveness, improve balance function and reduce the risk of falling. Moreover, during outdoor exercise, patients can also get sufficient sunlight, which helps promote the synthesis of vitamin D in the body, thus accelerating calcium absorption and helping to increase bone density. (m)

Every year when it snows and rains, the number of hospital outpatient orthopedic consultations will surge, because there is a disease more deadly than cancer, it is osteoporosis.

On snowy and rainy days, because of the slippery road, osteoporosis people are very easy to fall and cause fracture, and osteoporosis fracture is also called "the last fracture of life", because osteoporosis fracture mortality rate is high, the rate of osteonecrosis and non-healing rate is high, and the rate of teratogenicity and disability is high. Osteoporosis is a systemic bone metabolic disease characterized by low bone mass and microstructural destruction of bone tissue, leading to increased bone fragility and easy fracture.

I. The following nutrients should be supplemented for osteoporosis:

1, can be extracted from milk, milk is the most ideal calcium food, if you drink 250ml of milk and yogurt every day, you can make up 400-500mg of calcium.

2, can be ingested from aquatic products, fish, shrimp, kelp and other calcium-rich, is also a good source of calcium.

3, can be ingested from beans and their products, beans, peanuts, sesame seeds, are a good source of calcium.

4, can be ingested from dark-colored vegetables, green vegetables, fungus, shiitake mushrooms, kelp, hairy vegetables, purple cabbage are good sources of calcium.

Second, osteoporosis these foods can not eat:

1, do not rely on bone broth to supplement calcium, bone broth is not high in calcium, but contains a lot of fat, be careful not to play a role in supplementing the role of calcium but have eaten fat.

2, do not eat food that affects calcium absorption. In order to avoid affecting the absorption of calcium, containing oxalic acid, phytic acid, ellagic acid, fiber spinach, amaranth, cabbage need to be blanched and cooked, eat less persimmons.

3. Stop drinking and limit smoking.

Finally, please take the test to see if you are predisposed to osteoporosis: a "yes" to one of the ten questions below means that you are at high risk of osteoporosis:

Have you ever hurt your bones from the slightest bump or fall?

Has your parent ever had a hip fracture from a minor bump or fall?

Do you regularly take hormone medications such as cortisone and prednisone for more than 3 months in a row?

Have you lost height (more than 3cm) from when you were younger?

Do you regularly drink large amounts of alcohol?

Do you smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day?

Do you often suffer from diarrhea? (caused by digestive diseases or enteritis)

Ms. replied to Did you go through menopause before the age of 45?

Ms. replied: Have you ever gone more than 12 consecutive months without a period (except during pregnancy)?

Men's Answer: Do you suffer from symptoms of impotence or lack of libido?