Influenza, influenza, how many parents are talking about "flu" color change? In order to avoid the flu staring at the baby, many parents know to do a good job related to vaccination, vaccination is the most effective means of preventing influenza, can significantly reduce the risk of the baby suffering from influenza, for babies, preschool children and other immunity and immune function is relatively low risk groups, it is recommended that should be vaccinated annually against influenza.

However, the speed of mutation of influenza viruses is unexpected, the vaccine typing complexity leads to the corresponding influenza vaccine may not be able to prevent all of the influenza virus attack, can only be prevented by the vaccine contained in the type or species, for example, this year's mainstream is Influenza B, if the baby did not receive the baby containing Influenza B vaccine, then it is easy to hit the trick of Influenza B.

Generally speaking, influenza occurs in winter and spring, and is more prevalent from November to February each year. According to the Guidelines for Influenza Vaccination in China, influenza vaccination 1 to 2 months before the peak of the influenza epidemic can effectively exert the protective effect of the vaccine. The best time to get vaccinated against influenza is before the start of the influenza season every year. For example, influenza vaccination in September or October every year is regarded as the most ideal time because it takes about half a month for the vaccine to produce antibodies in the human body.

Vaccines produce antibodies in your baby's body that fight specific infectious viruses and help your baby fight off diseases or minimize their danger.

Therefore, mothers are advised to take their babies to the hospitals or health centers in their respective geographical areas for various vaccinations on time and on schedule in accordance with the vaccine schedule set by the state to protect the health of individuals and groups.

In addition to the influenza vaccine, there is also the Children's Immunization Vaccine, also known as Class I Vaccine, which is a mandatory and free vaccine that must be administered to babies after birth. The vaccination certificate is required for the child's admission to daycare and school. There are two types of vaccination, one is the full amount of basic immunization, that is, the initial vaccination completed within one year of age, and the second is the booster immunization, that is, the timely re-vaccination, in order to enhance the immunity of the vaccine persistence, improve the baby's level of immunity, and better prevention of disease epidemics.

In addition to Class I vaccines, there are also Class II vaccines, i.e. vaccines outside of the immunization schedule, they are also recommended vaccines, only that they require out-of-pocket payment, and for frail babies, baby moms can selectively vaccinate their babies.

There are a few things to avoid when getting vaccinated, such as:

• Those with severe dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema and suppurative skin diseases at the vaccination site
  

• Fever >37.5°C
  

• The number of bowel movements more than 4 times a day, suspend taking polio vaccine, because diarrhea will make the vaccine accelerate excretion and become ineffective Some children may have some uncomfortable reactions on the day of vaccination or the 2nd day, such as redness, swelling, heat, pain and other local reactions may occur at the injection site.
  

In the above cases, you need to withhold vaccination until your baby's symptoms improve.

You should not get vaccinated if you have any of the following conditions:

1. Immunodeficient, immunocompromised or undergoing immunosuppressive treatment, which not only have poorer results than healthy people after vaccination, but also are prone to adverse reactions, especially when receiving live vaccines;
   
2. Children with established neurological disorders, such as those with epilepsy, convulsions or seizures, should be vaccinated with caution under medical supervision;
   
3. Acute illnesses, severe chronic illnesses, and acute episodes of chronic illnesses.
   

There are three stages of inoculation and what exactly should I do at each stage?

Before inoculation:

1. Give your baby a nice bath the day before and preferably change into loose clothes. Pack up your baby's toys and clothes, and bring diapers, tissues and vaccination slips.

2. Understand the vaccines that need to be vaccinated this time, the instructions in detail to see ah.

3. Finally, remember to bring your vaccination certificate, otherwise the doctor will not help you to vaccinate.

At the time of inoculation:

1. Inform the doctor of the baby's current physical condition, any fever, diarrhea, acute attack of disease ......

2. Sign the informed consent form (to understand the contraindications to the vaccination and the precautions to be taken after the vaccination)

After inoculation:

1.休息室留观30分钟，留观30分钟，30分钟（重要的事情说3遍）

2. Drink plenty of water (hot drinks should not be drunk after taking the polio pill), rest, and try not to take a shower on the day of vaccination.

Reactions to vaccination are common on the day of vaccination or the 2nd day, mostly low fever, occasionally high fever. If the fever is too high (>38.5°), some antipyretic medication can be taken. The redness and swelling usually recover within 48 hours, and the hardness will be absorbed in 1-2 months. If you are really worried about your baby or if the situation is serious, you can ask your doctor to take care of it if necessary.

If you have any questions about childhood vaccines, please leave them in the comments section and we'll respond as soon as we see them, yo!

(The above images are from the Internet)

Unfortunately, the current domestic trivalent influenza vaccine does not match the most predominantly pathogenic strains of influenza in the country.

Sensory viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are RNA viruses. They are classified into four types: A, B, C, and D according to their nucleoprotein and matrix protein. According to its surface hemagglutinin and neuraminidase protein structure and its genetic properties of the different influenza A virus into many subtypes. So far, 18 subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1-18) and 11 subtypes of neuraminidase (N1-11) have been identified in influenza A viruses. Currently, human infections are mainly caused by the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of influenza A viruses and the Victoria and Yamagata lineages of influenza B viruses.

This year's domestic influenza vaccine is the World Health Organization's recommended northern hemisphere vaccine strain component, containing three subtypes: A H3N2, H1N1 subtype and B Victoria lineage.

Since April 2017, China's epidemic is mainly type A (H3N2),A H1N1, type B influenza viruses have not undergone significant mutation, and the epidemic strains match the recommended 2017~2018 vaccine strains in the northern hemisphere better. However, from the end of last year to the beginning of this year, the main pandemic strain of influenza in China is the Yamagata type of influenza B, which is not included in the current influenza B vaccine, and the population lacks immunity to this new subtype of the virus, so the number of illnesses has doubled. In a public health forum in Guangzhou on January 17, academician Zhong Nanshan, director of the National Clinical Medical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, called for the early production of a quadrivalent vaccine covering two types of influenza A viruses (H3N2, H1N1) and two types of influenza B (Victoria-type, Yamagata-type) viruses, in order to enhance the preventive effect.

But academician Zhong Nanshan said that the 3-valent vaccine for the recent wave of influenza B prevention role is not too big, but does not mean that this year do not need to be vaccinated. Because it may also produce the next wave of influenza, the next wave of the dominant strain is not necessarily the B type of Yamagata. may be the next wave is the other three. Therefore, continuing to receive the 3-valent vaccine now is still effective in preventing other subtypes of influenza.

Deborah Lehman, a professor of clinical pediatrics as well as an infectious disease specialist from the UCLA School of Medicine, also said that although this season's vaccine, although not ideal, was able to promote a certain immune response in the body. The results of the study show that vaccination can prevent serious illnesses as well as deaths. Although it does not give full protection, it can still provide some help.

So, for patients at high risk for influenza who are not currently vaccinated, they should still get the flu vaccine.

Recently, the weather has turned cooler with the onset of the fall rains, and the flu season is approaching. Entering the high season of influenza after the hospitals around the long queues to see a doctor, especially children's disease "blowout" situation must be fresh in our minds.

During the fall and winter seasons, the human respiratory tract becomes fragile and can easily be infected with influenza if we are not careful. Every year, there are outbreaks of influenza in concentrated areas such as schools, childcare institutions and units, with the onset of the disease concentrated in preschool children, infants and toddlers, as well as middle-aged and elderly people. Influenza outbreaks can occur in people of any age, and there is no specific treatment for human beings, mainly symptomatic treatment. For the frail and sickly elderly, influenza can cause pneumonia and other serious complications, and influenza and pneumonia are the main causes of death in the elderly. Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza. In general, it is best to get the flu vaccine one to two months before a flu epidemic. China's high flu season is mainly concentrated in November to March each year, so the best time to get the flu vaccine is from September to November of that year. Regions south of the Yangtze River have warmer climates and later cold spells, and the flu vaccination in these areas is usually given from October to December.

Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, which is diverse and prone to mutation. The magnitude of mutation of the surface antigen of influenza viruses has a direct impact on the scale of influenza. If the mutation is small, it is a quantitative change that can cause a small to medium-sized pandemic. If the magnitude of antigenic variation is large, it is a qualitative change, resulting in the formation of a new subtype, at which time the population generally lacks immunity to it, often resulting in larger epidemics, or even worldwide pandemics. Influenza A viruses are one of the most frequently mutated types, with a major antigenic mutation occurring every decade or so to produce a new strain, so every year the WHO fine-tunes the flu vaccine to try to locate the strains that are likely to be pandemic each year, but the process is not foolproof. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that the vaccine is effective against about 30 percent of the H3 virus this year. The flu vaccine is fine-tuned each year to try to localize the target of the strain expected to be the most common for the disease, but the process is not foolproof. As a result the vaccine is not exactly the same from year to year. The flu vaccine does not prevent the flu 100 percent of the time, but it can reduce the chances of a vaccinee contracting the flu or lessen the flu bug, so it is recommended that you start getting your flu shot early.

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

It works, so please take your baby for a shot as soon as possible.

It can be said that this year's influenza from the end of 17 years has continued to the present, and the momentum does not abate, there is a tendency to continue, the number of infected people to become a major feature of this year's influenza.

And the current flu vaccine can't quite match this year's flu virus.

This is because the influenza viruses circulating this year are predominantly type B (Yamagata) viruses, with a partial proportion of type A (H1N1 H3N2).One of the new influenza viruses, Yamagata B, has not developed a dominant strain for many years, and many people are not immune to this virus. This is the reason for the high number of influenza cases this year.

Moreover, the existing trivalent inactivated vaccine contains the A H1N1 H3N2 and B Victoria viruses, but not the B Yamagata strain. In other words, the existing influenza vaccine is not effective in preventing the current influenza viruses. However, it is still effective against other viruses.

influenza prevention

Preventing influenza out of the latest launch of the "influenza cold diagnosis and treatment program (2018 version)" recommended by the oseltamivir, zanamivir, paramivir and other drugs in addition to the Chaiyin oral liquid, Yinhuang containing tablets, Yinhuang oral liquid, etc. have anti-Abviral effect.

In addition, the elderly, children, and people with chronic illnesses, especially lung disease, as well as those with low immunity, are at high risk for influenza and need special protection:

1. Schools, custodial institutions nursing homes, etc. need to be vigilant, active in morning inspection and disinfection.

2. Enhance ventilation and disinfection in crowded and highly mobile areas.

3. Citizens need to raise awareness of protection, exercise, sleep and eat a balanced diet

4. Those with poor physical condition still need to be vaccinated in advance, and need to seek medical attention in time if serious conditions arise.

usefulness

I believe that the questioner raised this issue after reading the recent news about the fact that the predominant strain of this year's influenza virus has not been included in this year's trivalent influenza vaccine, so this year's influenza vaccine is not effective in preventing this year's predominant strain of influenza virus.

However, please do not forget that there is not only one influenza virus causing the outbreak of this year's influenza epidemic, as influenza A and influenza B exist at the same time. While the vaccine does not cover all of the flu viruses, it still provides good protection against the three viruses that are incorporated into it. Who knows what kind of virus you'll actually get? That's why getting this year's flu vaccine can still provide some protection against the flu.

Although, the flu vaccination remains the most effective and economical means of preventing the flu virus. But we also need to be soberly aware. Preventing influenza is not only limited to vaccination, under the premise of vaccination, we also need to pay attention to go to places where people gather, ventilate more, wash hands more often, and keep warm mainly. Only a combination of preventive measures can effectively prevent the influenza virus.

Useful. The predominant strain of influenza circulating this yearType B (Yamagata) viruses predominate, with a partial proportion of type A (H1N1 H3N2).One of these viruses, Yamagata B, is a new strain of influenza that has not developed a dominant strain for many years and to which many people have no immunity.

The vaccine used in the northern hemisphere is the WHO-recommended trivalent vaccine: the trivalent inactivated vaccine contains the A H1N1 H3N2 and B Victoria viruses, but lacks the B Yamagata virus, but is effective in preventing influenza caused by the first three influenza viruses, and therefore the influenza vaccine is still effective.