First of all, thank you for your question. Bronchiectasis is a type of deformation and persistent dilatation of the bronchial tubes due to chronic suppurative inflammation and fibrosis of the bronchial tubes and their surrounding lung tissues, which destroys the muscular and elastic tissues of the bronchial walls. The main causative factors are bronchial infection, obstruction and straining, and some have congenital genetic factors. Typical symptoms include chronic cough, spitting of large amounts of thick sputum and recurrent hemoptysis. Patients often have a history of measles, pertussis, or bronchopneumonia. Bronchiectasis is often associated with a long history of the disease and can occur at any age, with coughing sputum being most frequent in the morning, evening and at bedtime, up to 100-400 ml per day.

The most common clinical cause of bronchiectasis is infection. Such as tuberculosis, whooping cough, adenovirus pneumonia can be secondary to bronchiectasis, in addition to fungi such as Aspergillus or Mycoplasma can also cause secondary bronchiectasis. There is also cilia abnormality, the structure and function of the cilia is an important cause of bronchiectasis. In addition, hereditary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and congenital diseases such as weak connective tissue development can cause bronchiectasis. There are also immunodeficiencies, defects in individual or multiple immune proteins in the body or genetic defects that lead to bronchiectasis. Something else that may be encountered frequently in daily life is foreign body aspiration, where abnormalities persist in the airways for long periods of time, leading to chronic obstruction or inflammation, often secondary to bronchiectasis.

Clinically bronchiectasis needs to be differentiated from tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, lung abscess and lung cancer.

I hope the above answer can help you.

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Hello, I am happy to answer your questions. The causes of bronchiectasis can be broadly summarized as follows:

1. Infections: including bacterial infections (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, etc.), fungal infections (Histoplasma capsulatum, etc.), mycobacterial infections (nontuberculous mycobacteria, etc.), and viral infections (influenza virus, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, measles virus, pertussis virus, etc.);
2. Immunodeficiency: Includes primary immunodeficiencies (hypoimmunoglobulinemia, chronic granulomatous disease, complement defects, etc.), secondary immunodeficiencies (HIV infection, long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs, etc.);
3. Congenital disorders: including severe antitrypsin deficiency, ciliary defects (primary ciliary immobility syndrome, Kartagener syndrome, etc.), cystic fibrosis (common in Caucasians);
4. Congenital structural defects: including lymphovascular (yellow nail syndrome), tracheobronchial (giant tracheobronchomalacia, cartilage defects, etc.), and vascular (pulmonary isolation);
5. Other: including airway obstruction (foreign bodies, malignant tumors, exogenous compression, etc.), inhalation of toxic substances (ammonia, chlorine, nitrogen dioxide, etc.), inflammatory bowel disease (chronic ulcerative colitis, lung disease exacerbated by intestinal resection, etc.), and transplantation (may be secondary to frequent infections due to immunosuppression).

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Famous doctors online invited Li Yong, Deputy Chief Physician of Beijing Fengtai Guokang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, to answer your question: What causes bronchial dilatation?