Sexually transmitted diseases, the term, might as well actually be called sexually transmitted infections (STIs), because STIs include diseases that are asymptomatic!

And very often, infections without symptoms are rather more dangerous, and indeed, many sexually transmitted infections in the early stages are asymptomatic or have particularly mild symptoms, which are not visible to others, not to mention that they are even difficult to detect in person, or even to be surprised when they are detected!

I have a particularly deep impression of a patient with sexually transmitted diseases, this patient at home when suddenly have a little feeling of fever, and then their own local health centers according to the cold and fever treatment for a period of time, but each time the treatment is soon after a few days and burned up, so repeatedly low fever, and then go to the hospital to check the blood routine and other related checks, did not find any special abnormalities, according to the routine treatment, after some improvement on the I didn't take care of it!

As a result, after more than half a month, the hemorrhoids just recurred, to our hospital to do hemorrhoid surgery, hospitalized and scheduled for surgery the day after tomorrow, the result is that the morning before the operation was found to be HIV-positive, syphilis-positive. After asking the patient, half a year ago had high-risk sex, and was finally diagnosed with AIDS and syphilis!

Then will think of the patient's previous repeated low fever, in fact, this is understandable, is the early symptoms of HIV infection, but because these symptoms are often atypical, easy to confuse with our usual upper respiratory tract infections such as colds and fevers, so it is often easy to be ignored by everyone!

Of course, sexually transmitted infections are not just HIV and syphilis; in fact, there are more than 30 different bacteria, viruses and parasites that can be transmitted sexually. For example, the more common bacterial STIs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis; viral STIs include genital herpes, hepatitis B virus, HIV, and genital warts; and parasitic include trichomoniasis, pubic lice, and more.

However, the principles of sexually transmitted infections are spread through sexual intercourse, especially vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse and oral intercourse most prominently. It is not that these bacteria, viruses or parasites can only be transmitted sexually though, some of them can also be transmitted from mother to child, blood to blood etc.

Currently, for the most common sexually transmitted diseases, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis are curable, while herpes, hepatitis B, HIV and HPV are treatable but not curable, and gonorrhea, which is also prone to recurring treatments and resistance to antibiotics!

Therefore, prevention is important in the case of sexually transmitted diseases! One of the most effective ways of prevention is, of course, not to have sex, but this is only the ideal state, basically difficult to do, and can only advocate safe sexual behavior, such as the use of condoms, reduce the number of sexual partners, and male circumcision, etc. can be effective in reducing the infection of sexually transmitted diseases!

In short: don't be impulsive and don't mess up!

The essence of sexually transmitted diseases is that they are transmitted by body fluids (blood, semen, saliva, etc.) through the absorption of mucous membranes, broken skin, etc. (bacterial and viral infectious diseases), or directly through close contact (parasitic diseases).

The transmission of parasitic infections is simple and is accomplished by intimate contact long enough for the tiny worms to crawl or fall onto another person. These parasites are usually found on the body, hidden under body hair and skin folds, and can be transmitted during sexual intercourse or close physical contact, leading to a range of symptoms. In addition, these parasites are limited in their living conditions and mobility, and usually live only in the vicinity of the external genital organs, so they are more likely to be transmitted during sexual intercourse or close contact with the sex organs, and are categorized as sexually transmitted infections (STIs). But they also have other ways of transmission, just not as serious.

It is through body fluids that bacterial and viral transmission takes place. The human body has two forms of epidermis, the skin and the mucous membranes. The skin is the largest organ of the body and is distributed on the surface of the body in direct contact with the outside world. The outer layer of human skin has a stratum corneum, which is dense tissue that provides a very good barrier, and it is very difficult for viruses and bacteria to invade the body through the skin. Only when the skin is broken, exposed dermis or deeper, blood vessels are damaged, germs can take advantage of the opportunity to invade. The surface layer of the oral cavity, urethra, vagina and other parts of the mucous membrane, very thin, and has a very strong absorption function, and the blood supply underneath is very rich, the flow is very fast. Therefore, once these parts come into contact with bacteria, viruses and other pathogens, they will be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and transported to the whole body, and when the pathogen reaches a certain concentration and exceeds the body's resistance, it will cause the disease to occur.

During sex, local friction can lead to the destruction of mucous membranes, and human excitement leads to a substantial increase in local blood supply and accelerated blood circulation throughout the body, which also leads to the rapid absorption of viruses and bacteria into the body, accelerating the infection.

Therefore, to avoid sexually transmitted diseases, the first thing to do is to pay attention to sexual hygiene and eliminate unclean sex. At the same time, strengthen exercise, improve their own immunity, improve resistance, can also reduce the risk of morbidity.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is a collective term for diseases acquired through sexual contact, and the principles of the various STDs still differ. The organisms that cause STIs can be passed from one person to another in blood, semen, vaginal and other body fluids; sometimes these infections can also be transmitted non-sexually, for example, from mother to baby during pregnancy or childbirth, or through blood transfusions or shared needles.

Vulnerable mucosal tissues are distributed in several sensitive areas of the body

Most of our body is covered by skin tissue, but in the mouth, nose, throat, stomach, eyelids, intestines, urethra, anus and vulva, for special coverings mucous membranes, which allow easy exchange of nutrients and waste products between the body and the external environment, and underneath the mucous membranes are rich in capillaries. The skin is much less permeable than the mucous membranes and acts primarily as a defense organ, protecting the lower layers of the skin and internal organs from sunlight and pathogens.The skin contains pores that allow for the excretion of wastes, but are one-way channels, in contrast to mucous membranes, which are two-way channels that allow for the exchange of material. This is because the cells that make up the mucous membranes are specialized for transporting small particles, such as oxygen and organic molecules. Mucous membranes are mainly composed of epithelial cells that secrete mucus, which primarily acts as a lubricant and protector.

The mucous membranes are very fragileThe absorption capacity is high and many toxins and other harmful substances can be absorbed quickly through the mucous membranes. The irritation you feel when rubbing your eyes and scratching your skin are not at all equivalent, as when cutting a pepper. Mucous membranes on the urogenital tract are designed to prevent infection and provide lubrication, but they can also make a person susceptible to infections between sexual partners.If the mucous membrane is torn or severed, the opening allows a variety of infectious agents to enter the body, and the mucus will not be able to stop the infection.

Sexual transmission mediated by body fluidsinfections

Some viruses are not found only in the bloodstream, such as HIV, which is found in the infected person's blood, semen, lotion、Vaginal discharge is present. ThereforeMany sexually transmitted diseases are carried in semen or vaginal secretions through the penis, vulva, rectum, urethra, mouth, throat, respiratory tract and eyesmucous membranesTransmission, some pathogens can be transmitted by mucosal contact with each other alone, while others require transmission through ruptured mucous membranes.如Oral contact with genitalia often results in microscopic trauma to mucous membranes。

Infection caused by direct entry into the reproductive tract

In women, some organisms that enter the vagina can infect other reproductive organs. If they enter the uterus from the cervix and reach the fallopian tubes and sometimes the ovaries, damage to the uterus and fallopian tubes may lead to infertility, and the infection may spread to the peritoneal membranes, causing peritonitis. Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and peritoneum is called pelvic inflammatory disease.

In men, organisms that enter through the penis may infect the epididymis through the urethra, causing chronic infection of the urethra, and through the ejaculatory ducts with the vas deferens.

Common knowledge of common STD pathogens must be understood by men and women who eat and drink.

I: STD pathogens

1: Gonorrhea, the pathogen is Neisseria gonorrhoeae, humans are the only natural host, Neisseria gonorrhoeae is suitable for growth in humid, 35-36 ℃ environment. Under completely dry conditions, it dies in 1-2 hours, survives for 13 hours at 39℃, 15 minutes at 42℃, 5 minutes at 50℃, and dies immediately at 100℃. If the environment is humid, survival time 10~24 hours.

2: non-gonococcal urethritis, the pathogens are mainly chlamydia and mycoplasma, chlamydia is sensitive to heat, its infectiousness in 60 ℃, 10 minutes completely lost, in 37 ℃, 48 hours, a significant decline, easy to inactivate for cleaning agents and disinfectants, such as formaldehyde. Mycoplasma cannot tolerate high temperatures and dies rapidly after isolation.

3: Genital herpes, the pathogen is herpes virus (HSV), man is the only natural host of HSV, HSV is sensitive to heat and dryness, high temperature of 90 degrees in a dry environment, 30 minutes to kill.

4: Condyloma acuminatum, the pathogen is human papilloma virus (HPV), HPV virus is relatively tenacious, can tolerate drying, can survive for a few days below 40 ℃, but 55 ~ 60 ℃ when the HPV virus metamorphosis, most of the disinfectants can kill the HPV in vitro, the contaminated clothing and goods can be disinfectant soak or high temperature boiling.

5: syphilis, the pathogen is syphilis spirochete, dry environment 1~2 hours death, and very easy to be inactivated by alcohol, iodophor, formaldehyde.

6: AIDS, the pathogen is human immunodeficiency cytotoxicity (HIV), the virus survives for a long time in a room temperature, humid environment, about 2 weeks, HIV is sensitive to heat, boiling can be quickly inactivated, and general disinfectants will also be quickly inactivated.

II: The main means of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases

1: Sexual contact transmission.

2: Indirect contact transmission. A small number of patients can be spread by contact with objects used by the patient and develop the disease, such as underwear, underwear, bath towels, bath tubs, toilet rings and so on.

3: Blood or other body fluid transmission.

Therefore, the principle of sexually transmitted diseases, mainly through sexual contact (coitus) to spread a variety of sexually transmitted diseases, about 95% of sexually transmitted diseases transmitted through sexual contact, men and women in the genital area of the skin mucous membrane delicate, thin, rich in blood vessels, coitus in a state of congestion, coupled with coitus when the friction may cause minor injuries for the invasion of sexually transmitted diseases pathogens is to create an opportunity.

Is it essentially blood borne?

A: No. Only some STDs, such as AIDS and syphilis, are contracted accidentally through blood transfusions or blood products.

Sexually transmitted diseases, as the name suggests, are transmitted through sexual relations. AIDS and syphilis are not only localized, as the pathogens can enter the human bloodstream, causing multiple organs throughout the body to be affected, and in severe cases, may lead to death.

AIDS in particular destroys the entire immune system of our body, causing a person to become a person with no immunity whatsoever, and any breeze is enough to destroy that person.

There are other means of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases, namely through blood and mother-to-child transmission. Blood transmission is mainly syphilis and AIDS; for mother-to-child transmission, it is when the mother is pregnant with the baby, of course, including syphilis, AIDS, but also through the birth canal when warts, genital herpes, gonorrhea single chlamydia infection can be transmitted to the baby.

For both sexes, whether heterosexual or homosexual, the main mode of transmission is still sexual, especially among young people, who are more contagious at this time.

For example, condyloma acuminatum is the localized growth of cauliflower-like bumps, genital herpes is the localized growth of a bunch of small blisters, gonorrhea is the urethral pus, chlamydia is the urethral discharge of milky white and accompanied by urinary urgency and urinary pain, but in the case of women, the symptoms of gonorrhea and chlamydia are not very typical. These are mainly sexually transmitted.

In order to curb sexually transmitted diseases, or not to have sexually transmitted diseases, the first thing is not to have high-risk sex, and to cut off this means of transmission basically will not get sexually transmitted diseases, but can young people do it?

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), by their very name, seem to be diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse is essentially a friction between the mucosal tissues of the organs involved. These mucosal tissues are delicate, and when friction occurs (especially when lubrication is insufficient), damage is likely to occur. At this point, some pathogens will pass between the two through the mouth of the mucous membrane damage, will enter each other's tissue fluid, lymphatic fluid, and ultimately into the bloodstream, resulting in systemic infection and disease phenomenon.

The major sexually transmitted diseases include: syphilis, AIDS, gonorrhea, condyloma acuminatum, and genital herpes. They all have the following common modes of transmission: sexual, mother-to-child, and blood.

For these three ways of transmission, the principles of prevention of sexually transmitted diseases are as follows: 1. Physical isolation (wearing a condom when having sex), use of lubricating fluid (especially when having anal sex, because the rectum cannot secrete enough lubricating fluid, which may cause the condom to break and lose its isolating effect); 2. Disease screening should be carried out before conception of a new life, and the disease found should be treated positively, so as to avoid unnecessary harm to the next generation; 3. Blood donation or blood supply for self needs should be carried out in a formal institution, and not to use unknown blood products. Unnecessary harm; 3. When donating blood or needing blood supply for oneself, go to regular organizations and do not use blood products of unknown origin.

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), are a group of infectious diseases that are transmitted mainly through sexual contact and similar sexual contacts.

Its variety, high incidence and harm, as well as the difficulty of curing certain sexually transmitted diseases, are considered to be a major enemy of human health.

Common STDs and their causative pathogens are:

1,gonorrheaThe pathogen is Neisseria gonorrhoeae;

2,non-gonococcal urethritis, the pathogens are mainly chlamydia and mycoplasma;

3,genital herpes (medicine), the pathogen is herpes virus (HSV);

4,Condyloma acuminatum, the pathogen is human papillomavirus (HPV);

5,syphilisThe pathogen is the syphilis spirochete;

6,AIDS (loanword), the pathogen is human immunodeficiency cytotoxicity (HIV).

Everyone should understand the principle of blood transmission, but what is the principle of sexual transmission? Many people may be confused.

The corresponding pathogens (disease-causing viruses) are present in the semen of carrier men and in the vaginal secretions of carrier women. During unprotected sex (including vaginal, anal and oral sex), the local skin or mucous membranes can easily be broken due to the intense mechanical movement of the skin or mucous membranes of the genitals, through which the viruses can take advantage of the situation and cause STDs to occur.

It is worth noting that the incidence of STDs is much higher for anal intercourse than for vaginal intercourse.

The main reason for this is that the vagina has a natural lubricating secretion and is much more elastic than the rectum.The rectum is muscular and has no lubricating secretions. This, coupled with the more confined space of the rectum, makes it more likely to produce a dense chamber that is higher than the body's blood pressure under strenuous mechanical movement. The intestinal wall of the rectum is more prone to breakage than the vaginal wallthat body fluids containing viruses are more likely to be pressed into the rectal tissues.So anal sex is more dangerous than vaginal sex.。

Finally, if other aspects about sexually transmitted diseases can't be remembered. Then just remember this: they are not picky and all sexually active people are affected by them. Even the most decent people are capable of contracting STDs. SoAlways use a condom if you ML with a new sexual partner。Remember that when you ML with someone, you are, in fact, MLing everyone who has ever MLed with that person.

Follow the "Drug Counselor Army" headline, more health questions and answers easy to read!

If you have any other questions or opinions, please feel free to discuss them in the comments section.

When it comes to sexually transmitted diseases, the first thing that comes to mind is AIDS, syphilis and other big killers. Today, the handbook gentleman gives you a small new sexually transmitted diseases ---pubic lice

Someone once asked: Is there a pet that doesn't need to be fed or watered or walked, or groomed or shaved, but is also very clingy? For this kind of laziness to the crazy people, handwriting gentleman can only think of is "pubic lice".

How do I get this little munchkin?

It's not something you can spend money on, because, as a rule, it's only available through thesexually transmitted。

Pubic lice are external parasites that are about 1 to 2 mm long (the size of a sesame seed), with females being slightly larger. The relatively large claws make it easy to grab the hair shaft. Pubic lice are very domesticated and usually stay away from pubic hair, leaving the host and infecting a new host only during sexual intercourse.

What are the symptoms of having pubic lice?

As I mentioned earlier, pubic lice are very sticky to their owners, and they need to feed on blood 4-5 times a day, so瘙痒It's paroxysmal (you'll be happy to save money on dog food), and before sucking blood it needs to make holes in the skin with its claw-hook pricks to produce a localized allergic reaction, with the skin appearing to berash. Small ticks inject their own saliva when sucking blood to prevent it from coagulating, and the result is that the bite site developsbruise。

Is there a way to give up baby lice after adoption?

That's what's wrong with you, so hard to get through"rub"After acquiring these little munchkins, you say you don't want them? Aren't you afraid that the Committee for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals will file a complaint against you?

It's not as easy to abandon a small louse tick as it is to abandon a cat or dog, and the first-line treatment recommended in the 2017 guidelines for the management of pubic lice disease published by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) is:

bibliography
European guideline for the management of pediculosis pubis （2017版）

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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are, as the name suggests, diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse, direct contact of the sexual organs, and unprotected transmission to a sexual partner who turns out not to have the disease. They are more easily transmitted during sex without a condom, especially anal sex.

One of the most typical is the warts that we have seen on numerous poles, which is a very typical sexually transmitted disease related to low-risk HPV virus infection. If one of the partners has condyloma acuminatum during sex, and the two individuals are in direct contact, the healthy partner will probably be infected with condyloma acuminatum as well.

The HPV virus can not only cause warts, but persistent high-risk HPV infection can also lead to cervical cancer. Not only that, some other sexually transmitted diseases are not as simple as growing some pimples and buds, syphilis can also be fatal, the former emperor died of venereal disease is a good example.

AIDS is arguably one of the most horrific sexually transmitted diseases, and once infected, there is no cure. The virus can also be transmitted from mother to child and infect the next generation. The high incidence of HIV among gay men is also related to their anal sex practices.

To prevent sexually transmitted diseases, the most important thing is to avoid unprotected high-risk sex and minimize the number of sexual partners. As the old saying goes, "You can't walk on a river without wetting your shoes, and if you meet a carrier of the virus, what you get in exchange for a moment of pleasure may be long-lasting pain.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are the "sexually transmitted diseases" that people are usually ashamed to talk about. Common STDs include gonorrhea (Mycoplasma gallisepticum), warts (caused by HPV infection), syphilis, and AIDS. Common STDs include gonorrhea (Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection), condyloma acuminatum (caused by HPV infection), syphilis, and AIDS, etc. The principle of transmission is that a person with an STD infects other people through sexual contact.

Can STDs be cured? Can not reach the cure we want, even if someone lied to you cured, repeated recurrence, forever mark will carry a lifetime, the biggest characteristic of sexually transmitted diseases is that it can not be completely cured. STDs are mainly transmitted through sexual behavior, that is, direct contact of the sexual organs, in the absence of protective measures to infect the original and no disease sexual partner.

What I am focusing on here is that direct sexual organ contact should not be understood too narrowly, especially in today's environment.

Direct contact of the sexual organs is not only the traditional concept of contact, now are all kinds of! Oral sex, anal sex, what deep throat ...... as ENT is common in the throat, throat acromegaly! What's even more hateful is the ability to infect children, several years old pro-life children! Recurrent warts in the adult throat are closely related to throat cancer! There is also laryngeal syphilis, which is more common in people between 30 and 50 years of age, and more common in women!

Focus on HPV here!Warts, which we've seen on countless poles before, are a typical sexually transmitted disease related to low-risk HPV virus infection. If during sex, one party has warts, and the two individuals are in direct contact, then the healthy party will probably also be infected with warts, genitals, mouth, throat, anus and other mucous membranes of the place can grow. It depends on where the dislike is at the time!

The HPV virus can not only cause warts, but high-risk HPV virus infection can also lead to cervical cancer, throat cancer, and oral cancer. In recent yearsEveryone is familiar with a cervical cancer vaccine, right? It's hot and many women are getting it, bivalent, quadrivalent, and now up to the Septavalent, which is actually a partial HPV vaccine. Why is it called partial? Because there are many different types of HPV viruses, and the current highest priced vaccine only works on some of the types. So don't think you can get away with it with impunity just because you've gotten the vaccine. Because there are worse STDs, syphilis and AIDS.

AIDS is arguably one of the most horrific sexually transmitted diseases, and once infected, there is no cure. Moreover, the virus can be transmitted from mother to child and infect the next generation. The AIDS found in our department through preoperative checkups are mainly females in their 20s. (We have to admit that college students are the most active group in sexual intercourse, not only among classmates, but also with great social temptation, which is faster and safer than selling kidneys for money.)

To prevent sexually transmitted diseases, the most important thing is to avoid unprotected high-risk sex and minimize the number of sexual partners. As the old saying goes, "You can't walk on the river without wetting your shoes, and if you meet a carrier of the virus, what you get in exchange for a moment of pleasure may be long-lasting pain.