Misuse of antibiotics is harmful to children in the following ways

1, long-term use will lead to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, bacteria can also be produced through genetic mutation or special structural changes to antibiotic resistance, once resistance arises, the need for a higher level of antibiotics, and finally no drugs available, is quite dangerous.

2, abuse caused by the child's intestinal flora imbalance, easy to antibiotic-related diarrhea, seriously affecting the child's growth and development.

3. Abuse of antibiotics is prone to the risk of allergy, and severe incidents of anaphylaxis can occur.

4, the abuse of antibiotics common gastrointestinal reactions, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain.

5, the abuse of antibiotics such as aminoglycosides will cause hearing, kidney function damage, abuse of quinolones will cause cartilage development abnormalities, affecting the child's height.

6, long-term use is easy to induce opportunistic bacterial infections and mold growth. So children with recurrent mold infections need to be screened for antibiotic abuse.

In addition to medical factors, some antibiotic misuse is caused by blind use by parents, and antibiotic misuse is a major contributor to adverse reactions in children. When treating infectious diseases in children, it is advisable to consult a pediatrician or pharmacist to determine which antibiotics to use and for how long. How long is the course of treatment? It is better to do so. After all, pediatricians are very careful about the use of antibiotics in children, so as to avoid the use of antibiotics that are not suitable for children. (Images are from the internet, please contact me if you have any questions)

Dr. Ke is a pediatrician with extensive clinical experience, specializing in children's digestive and respiratory disorders, chronic cough, Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic gastritis, functional constipation, liver function abnormalities, chronic diarrhea, milk protein allergy, and other difficult problems and nutritional development of infants and young children, as well as feeding counseling. For more information about pediatrics, please visit Dr. Ke Youjian online.

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The biggest adverse effect of antibiotic abuse on your child is that it causes your child's body to become resistant to even fighting off a common cold.

I remember there was a lot of news about superbugs on the internet, and the root cause was actually that the bacteria had become resistant and no antibiotics could work on it anymore, thus a simple cold could kill it.

One of the news stories that stuck with me. A newborn baby, hospitalized with pneumonia. Actually, there is a lot of pneumonia in newborns, and it can usually be treated. But this baby was useless to normal antibiotics such as headcannon, penicillin, aqi and so on, and had been on super antibiotics. If this one doesn't work either, there really is no cure.

How could a newborn baby become resistant to antibiotics? Doctors couldn't figure it out. It was only when they asked the baby's mother that the reason became clear. It turned out that the baby's mother had been given fluids whenever she was sick, even for a small cold. And during her pregnancy, she ate a lot of chicken, duck, fish and meat, which resulted in her body containing a lot of antibiotics and passing them on to her baby.

Therefore, the consequences of antibiotic abuse are very serious, and parents must be careful unless they have no choice. Now many hospitals are also beginning to pay attention to the relevant issues, can not give the child infusion, never infusion. Don't ask the doctor to give you fluids, and listen to the doctor's advice.

Chloramphenicol began to be used as early as the 1940s and has been reported to have good efficacy against Salmonella, including in pediatric patients.In 1959, Sutherland reported three cases of sudden neonatal death due to high-dose application of chloramphenicol. In the same year Burn and colleagues conducted a controlled trial for the treatment of neonatal sepsis and showed a mortality rate of 60% and 68% in the two groups treated with chloramphenicol. This was mainly due to the immaturity of glucuronidase in neonates, and chloramphenicol needs to bind to glucuronide to be cleared.

Children, especially newborns and small children due to the incomplete development of the liver kidney and other drug metabolizing organs, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion process of antimicrobial drugs in the pediatric body is very different from that of adults. For example, the binding rate of drugs and plasma proteins in children's bodies is lower than that of adults, which is easy to produce excessive free blood concentration, and the drugs are easy to enter the tissue cells, which strengthens the efficacy of the drugs and causes adverse reactions. Some drugs can easily cross the blood-brain barrier and accumulate in the brain tissue causing neurological reactions. Neonatal renal insufficiency, there are some antibacterial drugs mainly excreted through glomerular filtration, such as penicillin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides can be reduced, resulting in high blood concentration and prolonged half-life. There is also chloramphenicol, which we mentioned at the beginning, and so on.

Therefore, antimicrobial drugs in children need to strictly grasp the indications, comprehensively consider the clinical diagnosis, pathogenic diagnosis, the action characteristics of antimicrobial drugs and all the information of the children, and select the appropriate dose, frequency and route of administration according to their gestational age, daytime age, body weight and other factors. Similarly, the use of other drugs in children requires similar pharmacological comparisons to achieve safer and more effective treatments with fewer drugs and lower dosages, and to avoid the misuse of antimicrobial drugs in pediatric patients, which can lead to adverse reactions.

bibliography

Yan Q, Xia Peiyuan. Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics of Anti-Infectious Diseases Diseases [M], Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 2017: 129.

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

The weather is gradually warming up, the germs are also more and more, causing the probability of children getting sick is rising, such as colds, diarrhea, etc., the child is sick, parents will be anxious, sick and anxious will be indiscriminate treatment, give the child medication and injections, abuse of antibiotics, do not know that this will cause great harm to the child.

What are antibiotics?

Antibiotics are primarily secondary metabolites or synthetic analogs produced by bacteria, molds, or other microorganisms.After the 1990s, scientists broadened the scope of antibiotics and collectively referred to them as biopharmaceuticals. They are mainly used to treat a variety of bacterial infections or pathogenic microbial infections, and generally do not have serious side effects on their hosts.On October 18, 2011, China's Ministry of Health said that the use of antibiotics by patients in China has reached 70%, twice that of Europe and the United States, but less than 20% of them are actually required to be used. Prophylactic use of antibiotics is a typical misuse of antibiotics.

Misuse of antibiotics

There is an international perception that China is the world's experimental base for new drugs because the Chinese are so fond of new drugs. It is a popular saying in the medical community that it is easy to buy guns in the United States and hard to buy antibiotics, and it is just the opposite in China. The domestic antibiotic use rate is too high. Parents of children with colds, fevers or pneumonia said that the medicine prescribed by doctors for their children included antibiotics such as amoxicillin, cephalosporins and clindamycin. Among them, two parents said they do not know what antibiotics are, and do not know what antibiotics are bad for the child's body, "before the child has a cold and fever, the doctor is also much to prescribe such a drug, the cold is also good, as long as it is able to cure the disease, who cares if it is not antibiotics".

Not only hospitals, the use of antibiotics is also a lot of parents "habit". Do not want to go to the hospital to see a cold and fever patients often go to the drugstore to buy some amoxicillin or cephalosporin drugs to eat, many people's family medicine box also has a lot of antibiotic drugs, "but to the child overdose of the newest and most expensive antibiotics, in fact, it is quite dangerous to misuse of antibiotics on the body of the children than on the adults to the greater.

The dangers of antibiotic abuse

As the development of various organs in the child's body is still immature, antibiotics can easily maim or potentially maim the child's body organs, most notably, they can easily lead to damage to liver and kidney functions, as many antibiotics are metabolized through the liver and kidneys. In addition, there are aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as Qingda, butamocarbamate, etc., easy to cause the child's deafness; quinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, etc., on the child's cartilage has the potential to damage; chloramphenicol can lead to bone marrow suppression and gray syndrome in children. Abuse of antibiotics can also lead to children's resistance to decline, antibiotic dependence increased.

Misuse of antibiotics also increases allergic reactions to medications in children, which can be triggered by penicillin and streptomycin, with penicillin being the most common and more severe. Allergic reactions can be fatal in severe cases. It can easily lead to secondary infections, fungal infections, and diseases such as eczema and asthma in children. When antibacterial drugs are used to inhibit or kill sensitive bacteria, some non-sensitive bacteria or molds continue to grow and multiply, causing new infections, which is called "secondary infections". This is a "secondary infection", which is common in patients who have been abusing antimicrobial drugs for a long time. As a result, it is difficult to treat and has a high morbidity and mortality rate.

Parents must remember to never misuse antibiotics, the damage it can cause to your child is irreversible and permanent!!!!

(a) Decreased physical fitness and reduced immunity, which makes it easy for children to become susceptible;

Second, cause allergic cough, rhinitis, asthma;

Third, hives, skin allergies;

IV. Acute myocarditis, life-threatening.

Parents are always worried when their children get sick, and how to get them better quickly is the most important thing all parents want to see. At this time, an antibiotic will often receive a miraculous effect. Therefore, some parents hate to come to an antibiotic when their children are sick, but do not know that antibiotics in the treatment of disease at the same time, but also has the corresponding harm.

tolerance

The biggest danger caused by the misuse of antibiotics is that it makes the disease-causing bacteria resistant. Frequent use of antibiotics will make bacteria resistant, slowly, you will find that antibiotics become less effective, which is caused by the resistance of bacteria. The most problematic thing is that bacterial resistance spreads to other bacteria, which means that when bacteria become resistant to one antibiotic, they become resistant to other antibiotics as well. This can make it even more difficult to treat other illnesses in the future. The complexity of bacterial resistance has also led to the creation of more super-viruses, which are a danger to human health.

Harmful to the human body itself

The most obvious danger to your child from too many antibiotics is hearing damage. This is because the ear is the most sensitive to the side effects of antibiotics.According to the National Health Organization, 400,000 children are deafened each year due to the misuse of antibiotics. More than 80,000 people die from antibiotic abuse. The performers of the Thousand Handed Goddess of Mercy, who we know best, are all deaf, and 18 out of 21 of them are deaf because of antibiotic abuse!. Secondly, the liver will also be affected to different degrees. Children's body organs are not well developed, and their ability to break down antibiotics is weak. The long-term presence of antibiotics in the body aggravates the burden on the liver and affects the health of the body.

Destroys the normal flora in the body, lowering immunity and allowing disease-causing bacteria to take advantage of the situation

An obvious side effect of using antibiotics is diarrhea. When you get antibiotics in the hospital, they are usually given with probiotics. It is because antibiotics do not discriminate between good and bad bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria are also killed, and beneficial bacteria are also killed. A bit of "prefer to kill the wrong, not to let go" meaning. This destroys the ecological balance of the human body, resulting in dysbiosis, lowered immunity, very easy to get sick again and again.

Therefore, the principle for the use of antibiotics is not to use them if you can, and use them sparingly if you can. Parents can enhance their children's physical fitness and immunity by supplementing their children with nutrients, plus exercise, which is much more reliable than the misuse of antibiotics.

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I'm not a professional doctor, I'll talk about it from my own personal experience. My child was very young when a high fever, the highest fever to thirty-nine degrees eight, to the hospital for a week of bottles do not see any improvement, and then changed a friend opened a small clinic, two days of playing the temperature back to normal, the condition improved significantly. It is from then on, every year have to play several times the bottle, the child's physical, resistance is getting worse and worse. However, the child has a cold and fever, coughing and so on, do not have an injection have how to do it?