Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza A (A), B (B), C (C) viruses, usually manifested as acute high fever, axillary temperature reaches 38 ℃ or more, chills, headache, dizziness, body aches, malaise, and other symptoms of intoxication, but the cardinal symptoms are often not obvious. A few cases can also be complicated by sinusitis, otitis media, laryngitis, pneumonia and so on. Even respiratory and circulatory failure and death can occur.

Influenza outbreaks have a certain seasonality, the northern part of China is generally popular in winter, and the southern part is mostly popular in summer and winter. Most epidemics will stop naturally after 3 to 4 weeks, with high morbidity and low mortality. Adolescents are susceptible, and patients who are old and weak or with chronic diseases are at high risk. During the non-epidemic period, the incidence rate is low and most of the cases are disseminated.

Influenza is mainly transmitted through droplets, but also through direct or indirect contact with the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, eyes, etc. Pay attention to the prevention of influenza, strengthen indoor ventilation, and maintain personal hygiene. During the epidemic season, pay attention to isolation from patients.

References:

1 He Xiong and Wang Quanyi. Identification and prevention of key infectious diseases,Beijing Science and Technology Press,2016.197-203.

Author：Jia Zili Unit：Clinical Pharmacy, Fengtai Hospital, Beijing, China

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

Wang Ruilan, director of the Department of Emergency Critical Care at the First People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, said:

The incubation period of the general influenza is usually from 1 to 7 days, the cold sneezing sneezing may be infected, the beginning of the time may appear runny nose and a slight headache, the later, if there is no timely attention, there will be a high fever, chills, the whole body joints aches and pains of the situation.

So when influenza occurs, we have the following three general categories to treat?

First scenario:Determined to have no predisposing factors or some young adults, it is recommended to get as much rest as possible as early as possible and not stay up late.

Second scenario:In general, if the patient does not get better after taking cold medicine or after two or three days of treatment, it is necessary to go to the hospital to identify the influenza virus by other means, such as screening with nasal membrane test strips or taking blood tests.

Third scenario:Influenza viruses caused by colds (H1N1, H7N9, H3N5, influenza B, etc.), it is recommended that patients with underlying medical conditions who have a cold should go to the hospital, where the doctor will do the appropriate examination based on his symptoms and signs, and at the same time give him the appropriate medication. In general, the doctor will recommend the use of antiviral drugs as soon as possible, and the antiviral drug currently available on the market is oseltamivir, which is not available on the market.