How does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develop?
How does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease develop?
I hope the author is all to the point to answer. Both asked how chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema) develops in brief:
Common Causes:
1. Chronic bronchitis: this is the most common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), due to congenital or acquired damage to the immune function of the lung bronchus (abnormal mucus secretion, cilia activity, phagocytosis, inflammatory chemokines, leukotrienes, interleukin 6, etc.) factors that lead to upper respiratory infections are prone to develop in the bronchial tubes and alveoli. Acquired factors such as untreated bronchitis and pneumonia in early childhood or poorly controlled infections (poor lung development in young children) can lead to chronic or even lifelong damage. Smoking is the most important and serious cause of bronchial and alveolar damage, which is clear to everyone, so I will not talk about it. P2.5 is indeed an important cause of bronchial and alveolar damage, so this is an issue that must be addressed urgently by everyone from the national level, and it may be a project that takes decades to be carried out consistently. The key is how to prevent and clinically cure the infection, and must not be left to develop naturally, thinking that coughing up sputum is a trivial matter or treating it halfway through the process, which should be emphasized by both doctors and patients. The use of antibiotics in the early stages of viral infections that should not or need not be used is a bad use of antibiotics, resulting in a waste of health care costs and an increase in the number of drug-resistant strains of bacteria. (Stringent control and vaccination should be carried out especially in the farming industry. The question is: Is it okay not to use it when an epidemic comes? Why is vaccination not strictly mandatory? Why do we have to use antibiotics for prevention or treatment?) But even more serious is that doctors for some purposes or business is too poor, and do not use the brain to learn, to the serious infected patients should use antibiotics do not use or do not know how to use, that will kill, but also another "bad use of antibiotics", no matter what the disease finally led to the death of 80-90% are due to various causes of pulmonary Infection is not detected in time, improper treatment and produce multiple organ failure and leave this world, this is Jane to turn himself into a white butcher!
2. Chronic recurrent asthma: asthma attack airway spasm, exhaust country difficult, alveolar pressure increased significantly, chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema appeared over time. Whether primary asthma or long-term smokers bronchial infection after the production of infectious asthma will produce chronic obstructive pulmonary. Asthma in addition to hereditary physical allergies outside the infection produced by toxins and cardiac factors are also closely related to modern medicine must pay attention to the problem.
3. Bronchial dilatation: there are congenital abnormalities of bronchial structure, but also with the early childhood pneumonia is not timely, complete end of the cure. Nowadays, the society, one-child policy, and the treatment of children's lung infections have paid much more attention to the patients with bronchial dilatation, and the number of patients with bronchial dilatation has decreased significantly.
4. Lateral curvature deformity of the spine: it causes thoracic deformity and is very easy to develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, parents should pay attention to their children with this kind of congenital developmental abnormality and perform orthopedic kyphoplasty as early as possible to prevent the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Rare causes:
1. Congenital heart disease: Any congenital heart that can cause pulmonary hypertension will develop slow obstructive pulmonary disease, provided that it can live longer and develop into slow obstructive pulmonary disease.
2. Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis: Many systemic immune system diseases such as lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis, leukodystrophy, dry syndrome, etc. can invade the lungs, and pulmonary fibrosis can occur, resulting in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, certain drugs can cause pulmonary fibrosis, such as: ethylammonium iodide, furans, ergotamine, anandamide, bleomycin, phenytoin sodium, etc..
3. Pneumoconiosis, pyogenic lung, etc. are caused by inhalation of large amounts of harmful substances and various kinds of dust due to the working environment or poor protection.
4. Severe tuberculosis or recurrent infections, destruction of alveoli and interstitium, bronchial tubes or pleural adhesions can also cause lentigo, and despite the popularization of kajitsu vaccination in cities and among children, the incidence of tuberculosis is still high in rural and remote areas. The incidence of tuberculosis in urban areas is on the rise with the influx of large numbers of people from rural to urban areas.
Chronic Obstructive Lung brings results in decreased lung function: ventilation, diffusion or both, shortness of breath after activity, and respiratory failure or even life-threatening after serious infections can easily occur. Often it is not difficult to diagnose by history, body pole, chest radiograph, lung CT pole check, lung function test.
Now winter is coming, inhalation of cold air on the lungs, bronchial tubes are easy to induce infections, the elderly like to wear more clothes to prevent plug, but the inhalation of cold air can not be avoided, I have to say that more warm air conditioning as a health investment, otherwise come to a hospitalization "all kinds of" responsible for more than your air conditioning costs for a winter, not to mention the physical damage to the Yourself and your family to bring trouble. Moreover, high room temperature can significantly reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in the elderly. Secondly, it is necessary to prevent colds as early as possible (especially the third generation with elementary school and kindergarten), and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should go to the hospital as soon as they catch a cold with cough, sputum, yellow sputum with or without fever. For elderly patients with COPD, it is especially important to prevent lung infections caused by accidental suction, choking and aspiration while eating or gastroesophageal reflux that occurs during sleep.
I believe most people are still unfamiliar with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but they are not unfamiliar with its symptoms such as chronic cough, sputum, shortness of breath or dyspnea. Once you experience similar symptoms, you need to be alert to COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a multifactorial disease centered on inflammation and damage to the lungs. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a persistent lung disease that can be very harmful to the human body. Many people take it lightly and do not treat it in time because they do not understand it. Some women, in particular, think that they are not susceptible to the disease because they do not smoke. In fact, everyone should not be careless.
There is a process of formation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is influenced by these undesirable factors:
First, smoking, it can not be denied that smoking is a major factor in causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, because tobacco contains tar, nicotine and hydrocyanic acid and other chemicals, can damage the airway epithelial cells, so that the cilia movement is reduced and the phagocytosis of macrophages to reduce the function of the slow obstructive pulmonary disease.
Second, prolonged exposure to occupational dust and chemicals, such as fumes, allergens, industrial exhaust and indoor air pollution, etc., in excessive concentrations or for too long a period of time, may produce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that is not related to smoking.
Third, air pollution, harmful gases in the atmosphere, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, chlorine and other damage to the airway mucosa and its cytotoxicity, so that the cilia clearance function is reduced, mucus secretion increased for bacterial infection to increase the conditions.
IV. The maintenance of a balance between proteases and antiproteases is a major factor in ensuring that the normal structure of lung tissue is protected from damage and destruction. Increased proteases or deficiencies in antiproteases can lead to destruction of tissue structure and emphysema.
Fifth, infection, infection is one of the important factors in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma are important factors in the acute exacerbation of the disease.
Six, chronic bronchitis, which is a common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, due to congenital or acquired lung bronchial immune function damage (mucus secretion abnormalities, cilia activity disorders, phagocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammatory chemokines, leukotrienes, interleukin 6, and other factors, resulting in upper respiratory tract infections are easy to the development of the bronchial tubes and alveoli.
Seven, chronic recurrent asthma, asthma attacks, airway spasm, exhaust country difficult, alveolar pressure increased significantly, chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema appeared over time.
VIII. Bronchial dilatation, with congenital anomalies of the bronchial structure, is also associated with the lack of timely and complete cure of pneumonia in early childhood.
Nine, lateral curvature of the spine deformity: cause thoracic deformation, very easy to produce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, parents should pay attention to their children with this kind of congenital developmental abnormality and perform orthopedic kyphoplasty as early as possible to prevent the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
These factors are the formation factors of lentigo, they can appear singly or concurrently, and you should try to avoid these undesirable factors in your daily life.
Click on the bottom of the page [Learn More] to see more answers or ask the doctor a question for free!
Follow "Family Doctor Online" headline, more health Q&A easy to see~~~~
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is known to be a common, preventable, and treatable chronic respiratory disease characterized by persistent episodes of intermittently worsening cough, sputum, and shortness of breath symptoms, as well as narrowing and obstruction of the airways. The main lesions of the disease occur in the airways including the trachea and all levels of the bronchial tubes, in addition to abnormalities of the alveoli, often with alveolar-like changes.
The main factors affecting the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) include both patient and external factors. A 2014 research study summarized the main single factors affecting the incidence of COPD through a questionnaire survey of 528 patients with COPD in a healthcare facility, which were, in order of prevalence, smoking, gender, family history of COPD, and age, and the older the person is, the higher the incidence of COPD is, with smoking clearly being the primary factor in causing the incidence of COPD Smoking is clearly the primary factor in the development of COPD, and there are still more males than females, and a family history of COPD is associated with a higher likelihood of developing COPD.
Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease must have a typical medical history, such as long-term smoking history, long-term history of engaging in certain occupations that irritate the trachea bronchus, etc., and at the same time, there are chronic symptoms of cough and sputum, accompanied by symptoms of asthma in severe cases, and the most important is that the lung function should be unable to decline to a certain extent, which means that no matter how to treat the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is impossible to return to the normal state, or else it can't be be called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cannot be completely cured by drugs, in fact, except for lung transplantation, it is not possible to get rid of drugs to keep the symptoms from exacerbating for a long time. In terms of drug treatment, when the patient's condition is not serious, the patient mainly relies on long-term inhalation of bronchodilators to maintain the stability of the condition, and in the case of infections that lead to exacerbation of the condition, it requires the use of antibiotics, and even hospitalization and the use of glucocorticosteroids to control the condition. The condition is controlled by the use of antibiotics and even hospitalized glucocorticosteroids.
COPD patients should usually pay attention to, do not go out on hazy days, do not go to crowded places, pay attention to rest as well as nutrition, try to avoid colds and flu, quit smoking and drinking, and inject pneumonia vaccine and influenza vaccine when necessary.
The full name of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are many causes of COPD, which are mainly categorized into individual and environmental causes, with the individual factor mainly being α1-antitrypsin deficiency and the external factor most notably long-term smoking.
According to clinical statistics, long-term smoking is the main reason for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The longer the age of smokers and the more cigarettes they smoke daily, the more they suffer from various lung diseases such as COPD. Because cigarettes have nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and other substances that have serious harm to the body, these substances are extremely toxic, like a cigarette nicotine content of six to eight milligrams, can be poisoned to death of a mouse, and people smoke 20 to 25 cigarettes per day nicotine content is enough to kill, just because nicotine in the continuous decomposition of the body, so did not one-time to reach the death dose, but the damage is imaginable to the human body. The damage to the human body is imaginable. The tar in cigarettes is deposited on the villi of the lungs, trachea and bronchial tubes, which will make the villi shorter and weaker in their ability to clear toxic substances, leading to an increase in phlegm in the trachea, and at the same time making the lungs progressively diseased, which ultimately leads to the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and even lung cancer.
In daily life, cooking fumes, polluted air, dust from construction sites and other gases that harm the respiratory tract or toxic gases from chemical plants and other places can also lead to the development of lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The following are some examples of such gases
In addition, there are many causes of the disease that remain unexplored. The external causes of COPD are similar to those that cause other lung diseases, mainly polluted air and toxic gases. In daily life, you need to pay attention to choosing a good performance range hood when cooking, quit smoking, stay away from air pollution and exercise.
Instructor: Lu Xiaohe, Associate Chief Physician, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Maanshan People's Hospital.
He specializes in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer, lung cancer, small lung nodules, mediastinal tumors, pneumothorax and other common diseases in thoracic surgery.
If you find this article useful, please feel free to like or recommend it to your friends and follow [Medlink Media].
In the first place, let's take a look at what is meant by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common, preventable and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation, usually as a result of airway or alveolar abnormalities caused by significant exposure to toxic particles or gases.
Chronic airflow limitation characterizes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, caused by a combination of small airway disease and lung parenchymal destruction, both of which account for different proportions in different patients. However, as time progresses at different rates, chronic inflammation leads to structural changes in the airways, with narrowing of the small airways and destruction of the lung parenchyma, which results in loss of alveolar and small airway attachment as well as a reduction in pulmonary elastic recoil; subsequently, these changes in turn greatly diminish the ability of the airways to remain open during expiration, and small airway damage is equally involved in the development of airflow limitation, whereas dysfunction of the mucosal cilia is a characteristic feature of the disease.
Factors affecting the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 1. Genetic factors: The risk factor is severe congenital alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. 2. Age and gender: Age is often listed as a risk factor for COPD, but it is unclear whether this is a result of normal aging per se, or whether age is a reflection of the total amount of exposure accumulated over the life of the patient. 3. Recent studies in developed countries have shown that morbidity and mortality rates are higher in men than in women.3. Particulate exposures: Smoking is the most common but not the only risk factor, and occupational exposures are also a risk factor, including organic and inorganic dusts, chemicals, and fumes. Secondly, there is also urban air pollution.
I hope the above answer can help you.
The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is an abbreviation for the full name of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The cause of the formation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not yet very clear, but it is certainly related to smoking, environmental pollution, occupational factors, etc. These factors act on the lungs, resulting in the lungs having long-term chronic inflammation. Originally, the lungs of a normal person are very elastic, mainly the alveoli are elastic, and many alveoli make up the lungs. The elasticity of the alveoli is manifested in the fact that the alveoli are filled with gas when inhaling, the alveoli can exhale the gas out of the body when exhaling, the alveoli circulate in this way with the breathing of one and one, like a balloon, which can be inflated, but when deflated, the balloon will be retracted to its original size.
However, you will find that the balloon is inflated for a long time, even if deflated, it will be less than the original size, but will be a little larger and looser than the original, the elasticity is weakened. In the same way, when inflammation in the alveoli, alveolar damage, the elasticity of the alveoli will be reduced, over time, the alveoli will be left in the gas inside the alveoli to support the size of the elasticity is weakened can not be good to speak of the gas exhalation, resulting in gas retention, which is emphysema.
But emphysema patients go to the hospital to do pulmonary function tests, found that patients blowing and inhaling are not fast enough, airflow in and out of the airway seems to have been blocked, we call this emphysema chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Emphysema does not necessarily have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but if emphysema is accompanied by airflow limitation in the lungs, then COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will have a prolonged cough and sputum, and then begin to experience dyspnea, which in the early stages is only when they are active, and in the later stages they may have dyspnea even when they are at rest. This is called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease must stop smoking, otherwise all other treatments are useless.
Hello, the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is inextricably linked to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main manifestations are cough, sputum and wheezing, which cannot be cured at present. Some studies show that the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has a great relationship with environmental pollution and smoking.
The current mainstream treatment is medication + long-term home oxygen therapy.
The principle of drug treatment is to stop cough, calm asthma, prevent infection, and insist on oxygen for more than 15 hours a day, which can improve the quality of survival and prolong the life of patients.
I hope the above answer is helpful, thank you!
Dr. Hu, I have been concerned about you for a long time. I am a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), I was hospitalized for bronchiectasis with massive hemoptysis three months ago, and I used a fully automatic bi-level ventilator in the late treatment, but I still can't live without oxygen 24 hours a day (nasal oxygen during the day, and a ventilator at night), and I have shortness of breath and tachycardia (more than 110/min) when I am away from the oxygen, and my oxygen saturation level has directly dropped below 60, the key is that I can't reach 90 during the day with the oxygen tube. During the daytime, the oxygen saturation level is less than 90 even with the oxygen tube. It is very difficult for me to take care of myself and I feel that life is worse than death, so I am very anxious. Can we go back to the previous level of oxygen intake only when we feel uncomfortable?
This question and answer are from the site users, does not represent the position of the site, such as infringement, please contact the administrator to delete.