Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine disease that affects the whole body, and is characterized by high blood glucose, which means that the level of glucose in the blood is too high. Since our entire body depends on blood for oxygen and nutrients, blood abnormalities can affect every organ in the body. Complications of diabetes include:diabeticKidney Disease,Skin diseases, eye diseases, oral diseases, gastric diseases, neuropathy anddiabetic foot, and acute diabetic ketoacidosis,Nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome.

It would be too much to expand in detail, so here is a list of the names of diseases that may arise in different organs and tissues to give you a comprehensive understanding.

diabetic nephropathy

Up to 40% of people with diabetes will eventually develop diabetic nephropathy. This is because the blood sugar concentration is too high and the kidneys need to filter too much blood, and these extra added burdens will overwhelm the kidney's filtration system. After a few years, the kidneys will not be able to reabsorb useful proteins into the body and proteinuria will result.

If it is not detected and treated in time at the stage of micro-proteinuria and delayed to the later stage, the kidneys will lose their filtering function, leading to the accumulation of metabolic waste in blood vessels and causing uremia and god failure.

Diabetic skin complications

1 in 3 people with diabetes may develop certain skin conditions, generally including bacterial infections, fungal infections and itchy, allergic skin reactions. The ones that occur more often or only in people with sugar are:

• diabetic dermatosis.Caused by localized vascular changes, usually the skin on the front of the legs appears as light brown scaly plaques that may be oval or round, sometimes mistaken for age spots, and are painless and itchy without breaking the skin;

• lipoid progressive necrosis.Spots appear on the skin similar to diabetic dermatosis, only fewer, larger, and darker in color; the areas of development are rough, red, raised, and sometimes painfully itchy; the spots may rupture, and when they do, they need to be treated;
  

• Diabetic blisters.Occurs on the backs of the fingers, hands, toes, feet, and sometimes on the legs or forearms and looks like burned blisters;

• Rash xanthomatosis.The skin looks like hard yellow peas. There is a red halo around each bump, which may also be a little itchy, and sugar addicts who develop this condition tend to have high blood cholesterol;

• sclerosing edema, the skin on the backs of the hands becomes tight, plump, and waxy, sometimes on the toes and forehead, the joints of the fingers become stiff and do not move freely, and occasionally there is stiffness in the knees, ankles, or elbows;

• Acanthosis nigricans.Tan or brown bumps appear on the neck, armpits, and groin areas, and may also appear on the hands, elbows, and knees;

• Granuloma annulare.Areas farther away from the trunk of the body, such as the fingers and ears have distinct large circular or curved raised areas with granulomas that are red, reddish-brown, or skin-colored.

diabetic eye disease

High blood sugar may damage the microvessels of the eye, injuring vital tissues such as the retina, lens, vitreous, and optic nerve. And cause:

• Diabetic encephalopathy of the retina.First, the retinal blood vessels swell, then the blood vessels on the retinal and vitreous surfaces become brittle and weakened, which can gradually cause macular edema, retinal detachment, and so on, and the patient's vision will gradually be lost;

• optic neuropathy.Diabetes causes a decrease in blood supply to the optic nerve, and patients may experience sudden double vision, drooping eyelids or eye pain, and in some cases, partial or complete paralysis of the eye muscles.

Also, sugar users are more likely to develop cataracts and glaucoma than normal people.

Diabetic Oral Disease

With unfavorable diabetic love control, saliva can contain a lot of glucose and harbor harmful bacteria, which combine with food to form plaque, certain plaque can lead to tooth decay, and some plaque can lead to gum disease and bad breath. The main oral problems that diabetes tends to cause include: gingivitis, periodontitis, candidiasis, dry mouth, and burning mouth.

Diabetic gastropathy

Diabetes can cause gastroparesis, which is caused by diabetes damage to the vagus nerve. Gastrointestinal muscles can't work properly to allow food to move properly through the digestive tract, which can lead to a range of digestive discomforts such as stomach cramps, gastroesophageal reflux, bloating, nausea and vomiting.

Diabetic neuropathy

Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by high blood sugar levels. This nerve damage can involve multiple organs, commonly such as weakness or numbness in the muscles of the arms and legs, which can lead to falls, injuries, and mobility problems, as well as damage to the heart, stomach, eyes, sex organs, and intestinal organs. Nerve damage can also lead to urinary incontinence, constipation, diarrhea, indigestion, increased heart rate, sexual disorders, and vision problems.

diabetic foot

Diabetic foot is often caused by nerve damage, and symptoms may include tingling, pain (a burning or aching sensation) or weakness in the foot. Or nerve damage in the foot can also cause loss of sensation in the foot (even if the foot is injured and you can't feel it). Blood flow is poor and the shape of the foot or toes changes. In severe cases, canker sores and even amputation may occur.

Acute complications of diabetes mellitus

1.diabetic ketoacidosis

It occurs most often in people with type I diabetes and can cause a person to go into shock (prolonged coma) or even die. The main reason is that ketoacids are already present in the urine, indicating that there is not enough insulin in the body to break down glucose, and the body relies on breaking down fat for energy.

To keep up to date with urine ketone levels, you can use urine ketone test strips, the color of which shows whether or not there are ketones in the urine as well as the amount of ketones.

2. Non-ketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome

It is a more serious condition that occurs in older people with diabetes and is often accompanied by other diseases or infections.

Here is a general introduction to what are the complications of diabetes, a detailed analysis of the thickness of a book is needed, fortunately, ask the medical network has put the detailed knowledge of the information on the ask the medical website (wen31.com), if necessary, you can move to view.

To learn more about a certain complication you can leave a message or private message in the comments section below and have a great day, friends.

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Complications of diabetes mellitus in addition to diabetic foot, the main complications, one is ketoacidosis, mainly characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperketonemia and metabolic acidosis. Even coma. Secondly, infection, due to reduced resistance and high blood glucose, therefore prone to bacterial and fungal infections: (a) boils, carbuncles, cellulitis, mostly in the neck; (b) tuberculosis; (c) pyelonephritis; (d) biliary tract infections, chronic cholecystitis, etc.; (e) fungal infections, vaginitis and so on. Third, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, the most common, manifested as hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke and so on. Fourth, renal lesions, glomerular capillary interstitial sclerosis, renal arteriolar sclerosis, etc., developing into diabetic nephropathy, advanced to uremia. Fifth is the nervous system, mostly peripheral neuritis. Sixth, ocular lesions, most commonly cataracts and retinal detachment.

感

Diabetes and AIDS have one thing in common, that is, they are not pathogenic per se. The AIDS virus destroys the body's immune system, leading to a wide range of complications and ultimately the death of the patient. While diabetes itself is also non-pathogenic, it is also its complications that lead more people away from their health. Besides the diabetic foot, what are the other complications of diabetes? They can be broadly categorized into two main groups, acute complications and chronic complications.

First, what are the acute complications? Ketoacidosis bears the brunt, due to insufficient insulin and too much glucagon secretion, resulting in the metabolism of the disorder, usually the patient's breath will have a rotten apple smell (acetone odor), and in severe cases, coma may occur. This can be detected by regular checking of urine ketones or blood ketones. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome is more insidious, even if the onset of the disease is not easy to be detected, usually these patients will have a high specific gravity of urine, blood glucose ≥ 33.3 mmol / L, and the mortality rate is also 10 times higher than ketoacidosis.

Chronic complications, on the other hand, are more numerous, and their manifestations are not as obvious as acute complications, so they are easily overlooked by patients, but their harm is not weak at all. Among them, macrovascular lesions are mainly dominated by coronary heart disease, while microvascular lesions are most common in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Early diabetic nephropathy is characterized by an increase in urinary albumin, and we can slow down the development of diabetic nephropathy by controlling blood glucose and blood pressure; diabetic retinopathy is the highly specific microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, and blindness caused by diabetic retinopathy is also the most common. Diabetic neuropathy, which can involve central and peripheral nerves, can be prevented by controlling blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, regular screening and foot care. Lower extremity vasculopathy, mainly of the lower extremity arteries, is not a specific complication, but patients with diabetes have a significantly increased risk of developing lower extremity arteriopathy compared to non-diabetic patients and have a worse prognosis. In addition to this, infections are also a major complication of diabetes, including bacterial, fungal, and tuberculosis infections.

To summarize, we can see that no matter chronic or acute complications, the damage to the human body is huge, and the root of all evils is the poor control of blood glucose, so for diabetic patients, good dietary structure and appropriate exercise, as well as the correct medication is the key to control blood glucose.

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There are many complications of diabetes, diabetic foot, the patient is very painful, but this complication is not the most fatal, if you have diabetes, must be treated positively, smooth control of blood glucose levels, vital! Take a look at the complications below, and to say they are alarming is not an overstatement!

1. Acute severe metabolic disorders

Diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, and life threatening if not treated promptly!

2. Infectious diseases

Diabetes mellitus is prone to a variety of infections, which are more likely to occur and be more serious in people with poor blood glucose control.

3. Chronic complications

Microangiopathy is associated with diseases such as diabetic nephropathy (the second leading cause of chronic renal insufficiency), retinopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy; macrovascular disease is associated with diseases such as coronary artery disease, ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease, renal atherosclerosis, and arteriosclerosis of the limbs. There are also central and peripheral neuropathies, such as "glove sock syndrome".

4. Diabetic foot
There are many complications of diabetes, but clinically diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular events, and diabetic foot are still common. Truth be told, none of the complications is a saving grace, especially kidney failure in the later stages of diabetic nephropathy, which is physically and financially stressful!

So it's really important to control your blood sugar smoothly, and if you leave it to chance, then complications will soon find their way to your door, not giving you time to regret!

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In fact, diabetic foot is a very scary complication.

Regarding the diabetic foot, Dr. Small Eyes talks about a patient he used to manage on his own in the clinic.

This patient is probably a grandfather in his 80s.He has a history of diabetes for 20 years, and his blood glucose control is usually not that good, and he developed complications of diabetic foot.

When he came to the hospital, Grandpa's foot had never healed due to the accidental breakage.You can think of a wound on your foot that never healed, plus diabetes that caused the peripheral circulation to remain poor and gangrenous, and orthopedics and Chinese medicine that kept treating it, but with no end in sight.

Dr. Small Eyes actually knows in his heart that the end result is amputation, and if he is unlucky, he may lose his life due to diabetic foot. So, having seen a patient with diabetic foot, everyone will certainly remember it for the rest of their lives.

Diabetes has the ability to destroy blood vessels throughout the body.

A diabetic foot is simply a result of high blood sugar destroying the peripheral circulatory vessels in the extremities.If diabetes destroys coronary blood vessels and cerebral arteries, it can trigger myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction.

Dr. Small Eyes has clearly found in his clinic that the coronary arteries of diabetics are very bad. Compared to healthy people without diabetes, the coronary vessels of diabetics are basically pitted with atherosclerosis in various places throughout, and if this problem persists, it can lead to myocardial infarction.

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The diabetic foot is not the only complication of diabetes; in fact, diabetes, if not well controlled, can eventually affect all parts and organs of the body with a variety of complications. In addition to the diabetic foot, the following are some of the chronic complications of diabetes.

1. Eyes

People with diabetes are 40% more likely to develop glaucoma than those without diabetes;

People with diabetes are 60% more likely to develop cataracts than those without diabetes;

Diabetic retinopathy, both non-proliferative and proliferative, can eventually lead to retinal detachment and blindness.

2. Nerves

Peripheral nerve injuries can present with numbness, pain, and sensory deficits at the ends of the extremities;

Autonomic nerve damage, affecting digestion and bowel movements as well as erectile function, etc;

Cranial nerve injury, which can result in motor nerve palsy and facial paralysis;

3. Diabetic nephropathy

High blood sugar aggravates the burden of renal filtration, and over time, kidney damage, starting with proteinuria, which may develop into renal insufficiency or even renal failure if left untreated.

4. Cardiovascular disease

This is probably the most familiar complication of diabetes, which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

5. Gastrointestinal tract

Diabetes affects our digestive function by affecting the vagus nerve in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in slower gastrointestinal motility, reduced gastrointestinal peristalsis, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and symptoms such as constipation or diarrhea and bowel movements alternately.

6. Skin

Diabetic dermatosis, a condition in which diabetes affects the small blood vessels in the skin, resulting in light brown, scaly plaques;

Acanthosis nigricans, is a tan or brown bump that appears on the sides of the neck, armpits and groin, and sometimes on the hands, elbows and knees.

7. Infection

High blood sugar favors the growth of bacteria and fungi, and diabetics are more susceptible to infections than the general population.

8. Atherosclerosis

In addition to the cardiovascular vessels, the arteries of the lower extremities are also affected.

Therefore, regular checkups for early detection, diet, exercise plus controlling blood sugar to the desired level is very important to avoid or slow down these complications.

Thank you, in fact, in addition to the diabetic foot, there are also cardiovascular diseases like diabetes.

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Diabetes is a very common disease in our lives. When suffering from diabetes

After that, patients need to go for strict control of their blood sugar. If the blood sugar is not properly controlled, it can cause many complications. What are the complications of diabetes? Follow the editor together to understand this problem!

What are the complications of diabetes?

1. Diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic patients with high blood sugar will affect the macular region of the retina, long-term high blood sugar is very easy to see double vision, distortion and blurring, and will also cause cataracts and other eye diseases, the seriousness of which can lead to blindness.

This is because the capillaries in our eyes are very small, in a long-term high blood sugar environment, these tiny blood vessels are the first to be affected, if you do not pay attention to the maintenance, it is easy to lead to a series of symptoms such as sclerosis, hemorrhage, etc., and the emergence of these lesions will be the same risk of blindness.

2. Diabetic foot.

This is one of the common complications of diabetes, as diabetics suffer from chronic hyperglycemia. It will lead to a series of vasculopathy and neuropathy in the body, in which case it will gradually develop into diabetic foot, and there may also be a gradual destruction of the tissues of the lower limbs. When suffering from diabetic foot, the patient's foot nerve sensation becomes very weak, for the temperature perception is very insensitive, it is very easy to appear burns and other phenomena, and after the appearance of wounds is also very difficult to heal, the development of the late stage, then it is likely to need amputation.

3. Cardiovascular disease.

For diabetic patients, the sugar content in the blood is relatively high, and the viscosity of the blood is also high in this case. When the blood viscosity is high, the blood pressure will naturally rise, which is very unfavorable for the blood vessels of the whole body. In this case, the chances of atherosclerosis occurring in the blood vessels of the whole body will be greatly increased, and the chances of heart attack and heart failure will naturally increase, which is very dangerous.

4. Diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetes mellitus will easily cause diabetic nephropathy, in the early stage, the signal is mostly positive urine protein, in addition to this symptom, the patient will not have other discomfort. Proteinuria can occur when blood sugar is not well controlled or when you are overworked, and if you don't pay attention to it in time, it will lead to a continuous decline in the function of the kidneys. Urinary albumin will be excreted with the urine, once into a large amount of proteinuria, the patient will appear very obvious renal function abnormalities. If there is no timely intervention, it will cause into kidney failure, uremia and some other serious diseases.

What can be done to prevent diabetes complications?

First of all, diabetic patients should strictly control their own blood sugar, regular and quantitative medication, do not let the blood sugar fluctuation is too large. In the daily to go to the hospital regularly to review, have found abnormalities timely intervention treatment.

Secondly, it is important for patients to maintain a good daily routine and diet, which is also very important for controlling blood glucose. If you just take medication but don't control your diet, your blood sugar control will be very poor.

Everyone knows that there is type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Are there other types of diabetes that people know about?

Type 1 diabetes:: Destruction of pancreatic beta cells, often leading to absolute insulin deficiency.

Type 2 diabetes:: Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.

Special types of diabetes:: Genetic defects in pancreatic beta-cell function, genetic defects in insulin action, exocrinopathies of the pancreas, endocrine disorders, drug- or chemical-induced diabetes mellitus, infections, uncommon immune-mediated diabetes mellitus, and other hereditary syndromes that may be associated with diabetes mellitus.

gestational diabetes

So what are the other complications of diabetes besides diabetic foot complications?

We categorize diabetes into acute and chronic complications.

Acute complications of diabetes

1. Diabetic ketoacidosis: this is a serious acute complication of diabetes. When metabolic disorders develop to accelerated lipolysis, serum ketone bodies over the normal level of ketonemia, increased urinary ketone body discharge is called ketonuria, clinically referred to as ketosis. When ketone bodies accumulate in the body, exceeding the body's processing capacity, metabolic acidosis will occur, also known as ketoacidosis.

2. Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma: also known as hyperosmolar coma, is a clinical type of acute metabolic disorders of diabetes mellitus, about 2/3 patients have no history of diabetes mellitus before the onset of the disease, or only a mild disease. Common triggers are infection, hemodialysis or peritoneal membrane dialysis, intraventricular hypernourishment, and a few patients who have never been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus can be triggered by glucose infusion or drinking a large amount of sugar-containing beverages.

3. Infection: the skin, biliary tract and urinary tract are most often involved. Boils, carbuncles and other purulent skin infections are common, which can lead to sepsis and septicemia. Tuberculosis in diabetic patients has a high incidence, progresses rapidly and is prone to form cavities.

Chronic complications of diabetes

1. Large and medium-sized vasculopathy: The main manifestations of atherosclerosis. Arteries that may be damaged include the aorta, coronary arteries, cerebral arteries, renal arteries and limb arteries. Atherosclerosis of the lower extremities can lead to gangrene of the lower extremities.

2. Microangiopathy: including nephropathy and retinopathy. Diabetic nephropathy includes intercapillary tubulo-glomerulosclerosis, renal arteriosclerosis. Proteinuria, edema and hypertension may occur, and retinopathy may occur in advanced stages.

3. Neuropathy: peripheral neuropathy is the most common manifestation of symmetrical limb pain, tingling, burning pain, lower limbs than the upper limb severe pain often before the end of the sensory anomalies (hosiery, glove-like). In the later stage, because of the involvement of motor nerves can appear muscle weakness, muscle atrophy.

4. Eye lesions: diabetic retinopathy is an important manifestation of diabetic microangiopathy. This disease can also cause macular disease, cataract, glaucoma, refractive changes.

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Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by a variety of etiological factors and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by insufficient and/or impaired insulin secretion, leading to disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, resulting in chronic damage and dysfunction of multiple organs.

Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong disease, and as the disease progresses, patients develop a variety of complications, mainly macrovascular lesions, microangiopathy, neuropathy and other lesions.Some studies have shown that hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cerebral hemorrhage have a higher incidence in obesity, LDL-C ≥ 4.0 mmol/L, and HbA 1C ≥ 7.5%; diabetic nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic foot have a higher incidence in HbA 1C ≥ 7.5%, and a duration of disease > 10 years.

long termDiabetes causes increased blood glucose, damage to large blood vessels and microvessels, and danger to the heart, brain, kidneys, peripheral nerves, eyes, and feet.More than one half of diabetic patients are complicated by vascular and neuropathy; about 30% of them are complicated by proliferative retinopathy, of which 1.2% may develop into blindness; 30%~40% of type 1 diabetic patients and 15%~20% of type 2 diabetic patients are complicated by diabetic nephropathy, which may develop from proteinuria at the initial stage to hypertensive nephrotic syndrome, and ultimately lead to renal failure or death, and the survival rate of diabetic nephropathy is only 53% in 3 years. The 3-year survival rate of diabetic nephropathy is only 53%.

Therefore, diabetes can cause other serious complications in addition to its own disruption of glucose metabolism.

Thanks for inviting answers to the question ''What are the complications of diabetes besides diabetic foot? ''

Diabetes mellitus is now a common endocrine metabolic disease, also known as glycosuria.

Diabetes itself is not terrible, as long as you keep your mouth shut, eat scientifically and reasonably, and usually often exercise your body and take a step forward. Listen to the doctor's advice correctly standardized treatment. Delayed life, quality of life, and live a happy old age with great hope!

However, prevention of complications of diabetes is the most important aspect for sugar lovers! Attention must be drawn to it!

The first major complication of diabetes mellitus is systemic vasculopathy manifested as atherosclerosis, which mainly invades the aorta, coronary arteries, cerebral arteries, renal arteries, and dorsal foot arteries.

Clinically, hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral hemorrhage, etc. seriously affect the health and life of diabetic patients, and are the main complications of diabetic patients' disability and death!

Diabetic retinopathy, the leading cause of blindness.

Glomerulosclerosis, causing renal failure and uremia!

Neuropathy, peripheral neuritis.

The most serious complication of diabetes should be prevented ''diabetic ketoacidosis and coma, this disease if not rescued in time can be life-threatening!

Therefore, the usual treatment of diabetes aims to stabilize blood glucose is the standard, and the prevention and treatment of complications to prolong life is a long-term desire. Therefore, as long as the doctor and patient cooperation, health and drug combination of diabetic patients to live a happy old age in peace with great hope ......!

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