Produced by Bayer, Germany. This drug competes to inhibit the α-glucosidase (such as glucoamylase, sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, etc.) of the brush border of the small intestinal mucosa, which inhibits the decomposition of starch, sucrose, and maltose, and slows down the absorption of electrosugar, which leads to a smoother postprandial blood glucose curve, thus lowering the postprandial hyperglycemia. It has now become a more mature drug for the treatment of diabetes and is widely used. Side effects of Baisuprine are mostly seen in the gastrointestinal tract, of which 50% are gastric distension, 30% are abdominal distension, 15% are diarrhea, 8% are gastrointestinal spasmodic pain, and 5% are intractable constipation, while other adverse reactions such as malaise, headache, vertigo, itchy skin, or skin rashes are rare. Patients who are not suitable to use Bayerisepine:1. It can not be used for patients under 18 years of age, as well as pregnant women and breastfeeding patients.2. It should be used with caution in chronic intestinal dysfunction with obvious digestive and absorption disorders, and should be contraindicated in conditions that may be aggravated by intestinal flatulence such as severe hernias, intestinal obstruction, and intestinal ulcers.3. It should be used with caution in patients with hepatic function impairment. If only mild transaminase elevation (<2.5 times), under close observation of the dynamic changes in liver function, a small dose can be used, and if the liver function tends to deteriorate, the drug should be stopped immediately.4. It should not be used by those who have serious hematopoietic dysfunction.5. It does not cause hypoglycemia when applied alone, but if it is used in combination with other hypoglycemic drugs, it can strengthen the hypoglycemic effect, and even hypoglycemia may occur. If severe hypoglycemia occurs, because α-glucosidase has been inhibited, supplementation of sucrose or general sweets is ineffective, and should be directly supplemented with glucose.6. During the period of use, avoid taking acidulants, cholestyramine, intestinal adsorbents, and medicines containing digestive enzymes (e.g., pancreatic enzymes) at the same time, because they can reduce the efficacy of the drug.7. Simultaneous use of neomycin can make the postprandial glucose even lower and intensify the gastrointestinal symptoms of this drug, which should be noted that adjustments should be made.8. 8. Use with caution in renal insufficiency. It is not used when blood creatinine exceeds 176umoI/L. 9. It is not recommended for alcoholics.

Bactrim is the trade name, the generic name for this drug is acarbose, which is theAlpha glucosidase inhibitorsIt is the most commonly used drug. The main pharmacological effect is to slow down the absorption of carbohydrates from food, delaying the breakdown of polysaccharides such as starch into disaccharides (e.g., sucrose) and monosaccharides (e.g., glucose), thus delaying the absorption of monosaccharides and lowering postprandial blood glucose spikes.

However, it is important to note that the efficacy of this medicine is very much related to the dietary structure of the patient. Patients who usually consume a lot of starchy food (rice, noodles, etc.) have a better effect with this medicine, but if they usually eat more meat and less rice and noodle staples, then the effect of acarbose in lowering blood glucose will be very limited. The good thing is that most Chinese people's diet is based on rice and noodles, so the feedback of applying acarbose is OK.

Be careful about when you take it, either immediately before a meal or with the first few bites. If there is too much time difference from the meal, the efficacy will be reduced or even ineffective. Since this product inhibits the absorption of carbohydrates, it can cause undigested carbohydrate-based foods to remain in the intestines, which are then enzymatically degraded by bacteria, resulting in increased gas production, often leading to flatulence and diarrhea. However, most people's adverse reactions can disappear with continued use of the medication and there is no need to worry too much.

Contraindications to acarbose are: contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women; contraindicated in chronic gastrointestinal dysfunction with significant digestive and absorption disorders; contraindicated in gastro-cardiac syndrome (also known as Roemheld's syndrome), severe hiatus hernia, intestinal obstruction, and intestinal ulcers; contraindicated in severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <25 ml/min); contraindicated in patients with severe ketoacidosis, diabetic coma, or precomatose patients; Prohibited in severe infection, before and after surgery or severe trauma; prohibited in patients under 18 years of age, those who are allergic to the product.

Particularly noteworthy is that patients with severe cirrhosis should pay attention to the observation of defecation when using the drug, and stop the drug and treatment immediately if abnormalities are found. If hypoglycemia occurs when acarbose is used alone or taken with other hypoglycemic drugs, glucose should be consumed for treatment, and the effect of consuming sucrose or starchy food to correct hypoglycemia is very poor.

I am Pharmacist Wazi, please follow me and let me be the pharmacist by your side.

In China, many diabetic patients are taking Baisuping, which is actually a kind of hypoglycemic drug from Bayer, mainly to reduce patients' postprandial blood sugar. The main ingredient of Baisuping is Acarbose, and there are many companies in China that have developed domestic Acarbose, which is actually the same ingredient.

Acarbose belongs to α-glucosidase inhibitor, our body needs the presence of α-glucosidase to convert the rice, steamed buns and noodles that we eat into glucose after a meal, and the role of α-glucosidase inhibitor is to inhibit this conversion, that is to say, rice, steamed buns and noodles will not be converted into glucose, so as to achieve the purpose of lowering blood sugar. And Chinese people mostly use rice and noodles as their staple food, so the effect of Acarbose for Chinese people is significantly better than that of patients in western countries.

And the so-called after-effects of acarbose, in fact, is the adverse reaction of the drug, this kind of drug adverse reaction is mild, the most common is bloating, gas and other gastrointestinal discomfort. According to the words of the people is: "after taking this drug will often fart". It is generally tolerated and does not affect our normal life.

However, it is not recommended for patients with chronic gastrointestinal dysfunction who themselves have significant digestive and absorption disorders, which will aggravate the patient's gastrointestinal adverse reactions; it is also contraindicated for patients with severe hiatus hernia, intestinal obstruction and intestinal ulcers; and it is also contraindicated for patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <25 ml/minute) as well, for example, an akaposan is unsuitable for a patient who is on dialysis.

Another point to note is that due to individual differences, some patients will experience elevated transaminases after taking acarbose, so it is recommended that biochemical indicators be monitored once every 6 months for patients using acarbose for a long period of time. As Acarbose itself does not cause hypoglycemia, but if hypoglycemic reaction occurs when it is used concurrently with hypoglycemia-prone medications or insulin, it may not be effective through ordinary supplemental sugar, and then it is necessary to directly supplement glucose sugar, such as glucose powder purchased in supermarkets, or directly consume honey, which can correct hypoglycemia.

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

Baisuping, the trade name of Acarbose, which is a very good hypoglycemic drug, its hypoglycemic mechanism lies in the inhibition of the intestinal α-glucosidase hydrolysis of polysaccharide components in food, reducing the intestinal absorption of glucose efficiency, which in turn stabilizes postprandial blood glucose.

The drug works by way of oral administration and is basically not absorbed by the body, most of the drug will be excreted in the feces in its original form, and a few will be degraded directly in the intestines, so that there is no accumulation of the long-term use of the drug;

However, it is also the fact that acarbose inhibits the hydrolysis of polysaccharides in food, allowing this to begin to ferment in the presence of intestinal bacteria, which in turn produces large amounts of gas, leading to bloating; and occasionally diarrhea as well as, less commonly, a feeling of abdominal pain!

Acarbose is contraindicated in minor patients under 18 years of age and in pregnant women because of the lack of exhaustive information on the treatment of children, adolescents and pregnant women, and the safety of its use in this group of patients cannot be guaranteed;

Trace amounts of acarbose were found in the milk of lactating rats in experiments. Although a similar situation has not been found in human beings, the effect of milk acarbose tablets on infants cannot be excluded, and the use of this product by lactating women is not recommended in principle;

In addition, intestinal flatulence caused by acarbose may aggravate intestinal obstruction, intestinal ulcers, and hernias, so the drug should be contraindicated in this population; it should also be contraindicated in people with chronic gastrointestinal dysfunction who have digestive or absorption disorders!

The above is for reference only!

Bactrim, generic name is acarbose tablets. It is used for type 2 diabetes and to lower postprandial blood sugar. It delays and reduces postprandial blood glucose height, balances glucose absorption in the intestines, and smoothes blood glucose throughout the day.

The most common adverse reaction is gastrointestinal flatulence with a 10% incidence. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dyspepsia may also occur, but there is no need to be overly concerned, as the incidence of these adverse reactions is low, 1% or even 1 in 1,000. Liver function abnormalities may also be reported. This abnormality is transient during treatment with Bactrim.

By following the prescribed diet, the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects is greatly reduced.

As for contraindications to the use of the drug, there are several:

1) Prohibited for those who are allergic to the product

(2) It is contraindicated in patients with chronic gastrointestinal dysfunction who have significant absorption or digestion disorders.

(3) Intestinal obstruction, intestinal ulcers, hernia patients prohibited

4) Contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment.

I hope this helps.

As a professional pharmacist, I am glad that my expertise can help others. If you have any other medication questions, follow me to consult me.

Today, in the clinic, one of my patients with type 2 diabetes came for a review, and when he entered the clinic, he said with embarrassment: "Dr. Lu, you told me to take acarbose tablets (Bayeriscus apples) one month ago, and my blood sugar after meals is quite normal, but there is one thing that is particularly difficult to talk about and embarrassing. I didn't wait for him to open his mouth and said: is it farting a lot? He looked at me with surprise, and I told him that this is a common reaction to this kind of medication, so don't be nervous, as long as his blood sugar is under control, farting is just farting. If you don't take the medication, you won't fart as much, but if you don't control your blood sugar well, you will have complications such as diabetes, heart, brain, kidney, eye and blood vessels, and so on, and I don't need to tell you more about the importance of this.

Second, acarbose belongs to the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is intolerant of metformin treatment alternative, type 2 diabetes diagnosis and treatment guidelines recommend the first choice of metformin, but if there are contraindications to the application of metformin or can not tolerate its adverse effects, the recommended application of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. This shows the importance of this drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes as well.

Third, Acarbose also has adverse effects, which are caused by the glucose-lowering mechanism of the drug class.

Acarbose lowers postprandial blood glucose by inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestine, the application of the drug inhibits the breakdown and absorption of sugars in the small intestine, but bacteria in the colon act on the unabsorbed sugars that are inhibited by the drug and cause flatulence, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, and therefore lead to increased flatulence. Hepatocellular liver injury with jaundice and elevated aminotransferases has been reported, which resolves on discontinuation of the drug. Allergic and skin reactions are rare.

Hypoglycemia does not occur with this class of drugs alone. alpha-glucosidase inhibitors can be used in combination with other types of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin.

It should be noted that if hypoglycemia occurs, glucose or honey should be used; if sucrose or starchy foods are consumed the correction of hypoglycemia is poor.

IV. Contraindications to alpha-glucosidase inhibitors:

Hypersensitivity to this class of drugs and/or inactive ingredients;

Pregnant and lactating women, patients under 18 years of age;

Patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders with chronic digestive and absorption disorders;

Patients with disorders that may worsen due to intestinal distension (e.g., Roemheld syndrome, severe hernias, intestinal obstruction, and intestinal ulcers);

Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 25 ml/min).

Summary: Almost any drug has adverse effects, in order to reduce the adverse effects of drugs, usually start with a small dose, and gradually increase the amount can reduce the adverse effects. But if there are contraindications, do not take. After the drug is metabolized in the body, the adverse reactions mentioned above will disappear and there will be no after-effects.

Acarbose, the generic name of the medicine, belongs to the category of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, which are mainly used to reduce postprandial blood glucose by inhibiting the absorption of carbohydrates in the upper part of the small intestine, and are suitable for diabetic patients who eat mainly carbohydrates and those who have elevated postprandial blood glucose. These drugs do not increase weight while having a tendency to cause weight loss, and can be used in combination with other types of glucose-lowering drugs such as sulfonylureas, biguanides, and insulin.

Pharmacist Li talks about health, click on the upper right red button "+ attention", more medication knowledge to share with you!

Contraindications to Bayerisin

1. Contraindicated in patients with chronic gastrointestinal disorders with significant digestive and absorption disorders;

2. Suffering from a condition that may worsen due to intestinal distension, such as a severe hernia, intestinal obstruction or intestinal ulcer, or Roemheld syndrome;

3. It is contraindicated in patients with severe renal insufficiency and creatinine clearance less than 25 ml/min;

4. It is contraindicated for those who are allergic to acarbose or other inactive ingredients in this product.

Possible adverse reactions and precautions when taking Bayerisepine

1. Common adverse reactions include abdominal distension, gas, etc. Eating foods containing sucrose while taking the drug can cause diarrhea, and the drug should be taken in small doses to start with, and gradually increase the dosage can effectively reduce the adverse reactions;
   

2. Asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes occurs in individual patients, especially at high doses, and liver function should be monitored during the 6 to 12 months of administration of this drug. Liver enzymes usually return to normal after discontinuation of the drug;

3. Hypoglycemia usually does not occur when this product is taken alone. If hypoglycemia occurs in patients who use this product in combination with biguanides, sulfonylureas, or insulin analogues to lower glucose, correction should be made with dextrose or honey, and sucrose and starchy foods are not as effective in correcting the problem;

4. Acarbose may affect the bioavailability of digoxin; therefore, the dose of digoxin should be adjusted if combined;

5. Concomitant administration of colesevelam, intestinal adsorbents, and digestive enzyme preparations should be avoided during administration of this product to avoid compromising efficacy;

6. Contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, and in patients under 18 years of age;

Thank you for reading Pharmacist Lee's Science Q&A, and for more medication questions, feel free to continue the discussion in the comments below!

Baylisapple is the trade name for acarbose, manufactured by Bayer Pharmaceuticals.

Pharmacologically, it is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which competes with carbohydrate glycoside hydrolase for carbohydrate hydrolysis at the brush border of the small intestinal epithelium. This inhibits the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, slows down the production of glucose, and delays the absorption of glucose.

So it is suitable for type II diabetic patients with high carbohydrate intake, and its main purpose is to reduce postprandial blood glucose, so it is not ideal for fasting hyperglycemic patients to reduce glucose.

It can be used alone or in combination with other hypoglycemic agents. It is recommended to be chewed and taken at the same time as the first bite of the meal, and is less effective if the dosage is taken too far apart from the meal.

Side effects of the drugMainly gastrointestinal reactions, the incidence of gastric distension can be up to 50%, abdominal distension 30%, diarrhea 15%, gastrointestinal spasmodic pain 18%, intractable constipation 5%. However, with the prolongation of the medication most of the symptoms will gradually reduce and disappear.

In addition some patients may experience allergic symptoms with the use of the drug, such as itching, erythema, and hives on the skin. There have been reports of transaminase elevations with the use of Bayerisin, which are more likely to occur when higher doses are used.

Contraindications to the drug:

• Allergy to this drug is prohibited
  
• Chronic gastrointestinal disorders with significant digestive and absorption disturbances
  
• Patients with hernia, intestinal obstruction, intestinal ulcers, Roemheld's syndrome that may be aggravated due to intestinal distension.
  
• Patients with severe renal impairment with creatinine clearance less than 25 ml/min
  
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
  
• Not recommended for patients under 18 years of age due to lack of relevant clinical information.
  
• The lack of studies on this drug in pregnant women makes it not recommended, and the drug can be secreted into breast milk, so it is contraindicated during breastfeeding.

Throughout the ages, the diet of Chinese people has been dominated by carbohydrates, which are starch, sucrose, lactose galactose, maltose, glucose, etc. They are the most important nutrients affecting blood glucose, and most of the carbohydrates can not be absorbed and utilized directly by the body, but need to be metabolized and transformed in the small intestine. There is an enzyme called α-glucosidase in the mucosa of the small intestine, which can digest and break down carbohydrates into small molecule monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose before they are absorbed by the small intestine to provide energy for the body. There is an enzyme called α-glucosidase in the mucosa of the small intestine, which can digest and break down carbohydrates into small molecule monosaccharides such as fructose and glucose before they can be absorbed by the small intestine and provide energy for the body.

Acarbose tablets, commonly used as first-line oral hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice, are α-glucosidase inhibitors, which mainly inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase by selectively binding to the enzyme, delaying the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates by the small intestinal mucosa, thus reducing postprandial hyperglycemia, indirectly improving fasting blood glucose by improving postprandial blood glucose, reducing the fluctuation of blood glucose throughout the day, and lowering glycated hemoglobin, and are mainly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and can also be used for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. Acarbose is mainly used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but can also be used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In addition, acarbose helps to reduce body weight, lower blood pressure and blood lipids, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction.

Acarbose mainly plays a hypoglycemic effect by slowing down the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates in the small intestinal mucosa, resulting in prolonged retention of carbohydrates in the colon, which is fermented by intestinal flora and causes gastrointestinal reactions such as gastrointestinal flatulence, abdominal discomfort, pain, diarrhea, etc. Therefore, patients who have inflammatory bowel disease, chronic intestinal disorders such as colonic ulceration, Roemheld's syndrome, severe hiatal hernias, intestinal obstructions or intestinal ulcers should be prohibited from using Acarbose to avoid aggravating the gastrointestinal symptoms. Acarbose should be contraindicated in patients to avoid aggravation of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Individual patients, especially in high doses (150-300 mg/day, 3-6 tablets/day) of acarbose will cause asymptomatic elevation of liver aminotransferases, it is recommended to monitor the changes in liver enzymes during the first 6-12 months of use, this abnormality is transient, and liver enzymes usually return to normal after discontinuation of the drug, there are reports of deaths from fulminant hepatitis in some individual patients who were taking acarbose, but whether the relationship is related to acarbose is not clear. However, it is not clear whether it is related to acarbose. In consideration of patient safety, acarbose should be contraindicated in patients with cirrhosis. In addition, acarbose should be contraindicated in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, allergy to acarbose, and severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <25ml/min).

The so-called sequelae, also known as after-effects, belongs to a kind of adverse reactions, refers to the biological effects that remain when the concentration of the drug in the plasma drops below the threshold concentration after stopping the drug, and the most common is that after taking medium- and long-acting benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drugs such as alprazolam, clonazepam and so on, there are after-effects such as drowsiness, drowsiness, dizziness, weakness and so on in the early morning of the next day. Acarbose after oral administration only acts locally in the intestinal tract, rarely absorbed into the blood, the systemic bioavailability is extremely low, only 1%-2%, and finally most of the prototype through the kidneys through the urine excretion of the body, the safety is very good, there will be no after-effects.

I have taken this medication and after taking the medication I had gas day after day and the nonstop gas has been interfering with my normal life and changed the medication.