Parkinson's disease (PD), also known as tremor palsy, is a neurodegenerative disease that is more common in middle-aged and older adults. Why is it called that? Because it was a British doctor named Parkinson's who first described the symptoms. The famous physicist Stephen Hawking, who died recently, was a Parkinson's patient. Our famous mathematician Chen Jingrun also suffered from Parkinson's disease in his later years.

Currently, China's population has entered an aging society, and there are more and more elderly people, so naturally there are more elderly people with Parkinson's disease, according to statistics, there are more than 2 million, and half of the world's Parkinson's disease patients are in China. The age of onset of Parkinson's disease is mostly concentrated in the age of 60 or above, and the prevalence of the disease continues to rise with age.

Parkinson's disease includes movement disorders, tremor and muscle stiffness, and is not as simple as the intellectual hand shaking that is often thought to be, but is mainly characterized by tremor, static tremor, drooling, choking, muscle stiffness, and slowed movement.

To treat Parkinson's disease, medication and rehabilitation are important, and at this stage, the treatment taken is a brain pacemaker.

Brain pacemakers are a type of deep brain electrical stimulation therapy that can effectively control the patient's symptoms of tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movement, as well as eliminate the side effects caused by medication.

What is Parkinson's disease?

Parkinson's syndrome (Parkinsonism, PD), also known as tremor paralysis, is the most common degenerative disease of the central nervous system in middle-aged and elderly people, which can be divided into secondary and symptomatic Parkinson's syndrome, secondary Parkinson's syndrome often occurs after some other neurological diseases (encephalitis, cerebrovascular disease, tumors, etc.) or poisons, medications, and the clinical manifestations, in addition to the same as Parkinson's disease, are mostly accompanied by In addition to the same clinical manifestations as Parkinson's disease, the disease is often accompanied by manifestations left over from the original disease, such as epilepsy, hemiplegia, headache, ataxia, ocular motility disorders, slurred speech, postural hypotension, and dementia. The disease can occur in any age group. The incidence is about 8% of all patients.

How to tell if you have Parkinson's disease

1. Resting tremor

This is the first symptom, about 70% of patients will have a tremor, can feel obvious tremor at rest, nervousness will be intensified, the symptom will be reduced or stopped during casual activities, the condition will disappear at night after going to sleep.

2. Motor retardation

If a patient sits still or stops moving for a long period of time, it will be difficult for him to start moving his body again, and his movements will become slower and his range of motion will be reduced. Many people misinterpret the symptoms of bradykinesia as weakness, and if they complain to their doctor, they may be misdiagnosed with other cardiovascular diseases or cervical spondylosis. Therefore, if the patient starts to move slowly, has weakness in the same limb, and is accompanied by an increase in muscle tone, it is important to be alert to the possibility of Parkinson's disease.

3. Postural gait disorders

The first two points are usually seen in the early stage, while in the middle to late stage, postural reflexes disappear, and the patient is likely to fall down on slightly bumpy surfaces or be touched by other people, which may lead to an unsteady center of gravity and fall to the ground. In the late stage, the patient will have a freezing condition, such as suddenly being unable to take a step when walking, the feet seem to be stuck to the ground by strong glue, and the patient must pause for a few moments before he or she can raise his or her steps again.

Okay, about what Parkinson's is classified as?就Share this content with you, if you find my talk useful and like my science, you can like and retweet it. If there are questions.possibleLeave a comment below. It's not easy to code, so follow me too, yo.

Parkinson's Disease It's when certain parts of the body shake constantly, some shake their heads, some shake their limbs, their legs shake so much that they can't walk, and their hands shake so much that they can't hold things.

My father is Parkinson's patient has more than 20 years of history, his hands shake very badly, weekday life things can not hold. Over the years I insisted on not giving him medication, through diet and exercise, and now see his hands shaking much better, I hope our daily life experience can help you.

Thinking of the past every day to feed him medication, remember more for the nerves, but there are a lot of side effects, such as high blood pressure, constipation, edema, etc., and is to eat a lot of years of medication does not see any improvement in daily life must be someone to help eat and feed the medicine, to eat a lot of medicine, there are antihypertensive drugs, stomach medicines, anti-hypertensive drugs, diuretics, Parkinson's, constipation, calcium tablets, vitamins and so on, every day, a bunch of drugs. Often, his legs and feet were swollen and he couldn't walk, and the biggest headache was that he couldn't relieve his bowels for several days, so he had to be hospitalized. Dad is a retired cadre of the anti-American war, the state gives health insurance benefits, but the medicine is three times poisonous ah! How can he live on medication every day?

Introduced by a friend coffee enema can solve the problem of constipation, the actual experience feels really good, to solve the problem of excremental worries, the stomach is empty, the meal also dares to boldly eat, the body is also healthy, a few years down the line, the blood pressure is also normal, thank you very much for the help of friends! Usually strengthen the diet and nutrition, gradually reduce a variety of drugs, only a stomach medicine in the morning, a piece of aspirin at night (seems to have a lot of side effects, there is no good alternative solution, they feel that deep-sea fish oil is feasible).

Online to see foreign rehabilitation research about Parkinson's, said cycling, balance movement is conducive to alleviate Parkinson's, long-term adherence to exercise, the effect is good, at present, you can take the egg buns to eat by yourself! I would like to share this with you.

Dr. Komei Shinouchi, the answer is for informational purposes only.

Feel free to follow or leave a comment to share, discuss and learn from each other!!!!

Parkinson's disease (PD)

It is a common neurodegenerative disease, the prevalence of which is 1700/100,000 in people over 65 years old in China and rises with age, bringing a heavy burden to families and society.

Etiology and pathogenesis

Currently, most scholars agree that Parkinson's disease is not caused by a single factor and isby genetics, environmental factors, immune/inflammatory factors, mitochondrial failure, excitatory amino acid toxicity, neuronal autophagy, and agingThis is due to a combination of factors, such as a combination of mechanisms.

Pathologic and biochemical manifestations

The main pathological changes of the disease are loss of dopaminergic neurons and formation of Lewy bodies in the dense part of the substantia nigra, and its main biochemical change is a decrease in dopamine transmission in striatal areas.

clinical manifestation

Motor symptoms:

• resting tremor
  
• muscle tone
  
• motor retardation
  
• postural balance disorder
  

Non-motor symptoms:

• hyperosmia
  
• Abnormal sleep behavior during the fast-moving eye phase
  
• insomnia
  
• despondent
  
• .......
  

Differential diagnosis (the main things that need to be differentiated from primary Parkinson's disease are)

• Secondary Parkinson's syndrome:There is a clear etiology to be found;
  
• Parkinson's syndrome associated with other neurodegenerative diseases:A number of neurodegenerative diseases have manifestations of Parkinson's syndrome;
  
• Others that still need to be identified are:Idiopathic tremor, depression, cerebrovascular disease, etc;
  

Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Principles (Combination Therapy):

Drug treatment, surgical treatment, rehabilitation treatment, psychological treatment, etc.; (current treatment methods can only improve the patient's symptoms and cannot yet organize the development of the disease)

protective therapy

In principle, protective therapy should be started early, as soon as a diagnosis is made;

Symptomatic treatment:

In addition, the treatment of non-motor symptoms is mainly based on symptomatic supportive therapy;

surgical treatment：

Currently more applications and relatively mature technology mainly refers to theDeep Brain Stimulation (DBS)The main indications are.Primary Parkinson's disease with a disease duration of 5 years or more; previous good results on levodopa, current waning efficacy, or severe motor complications that interfere with life treatment; except for some severe dementia, psychiatric disorders, and other contraindications that do not tolerate surgery；

Early Recognition Ask a few questions, if more than three answers are "yes", it's time to go to the hospital.

1. Do you have difficulty getting up from your chair?

2. Has your writing gotten smaller compared to before?

3. Have you ever had your voice reduced?

4. Do you fall easily when walking?

5. Do your feet sometimes stick to the ground and you can't lift them?

6. Are your facial expressions not as rich as they used to be?

7. Do you have tremors in your arms or legs?

8. Do you have difficulty fastening your own buttons?

9. Do you walk with your feet dragging on the ground and take small steps?

10. Do you have a reduced sense of smell or taste?

11. Are you constipated?

12. Do you often have nightmares where you yell or fall out of bed?

I hope my answer is helpful!

To learn more about Parkinson's disease, please follow "Dr. Komei Shinuchi".

Dr. Komei Shinouchi, the answer is for informational purposes only.

Feel free to follow or leave a comment to share, discuss and learn from each other!!!!

Thanks for the invitation! Parkinson's disease was first described by the British physician James Parkinson, and has been internationally recognized as World Parkinson's Day on April 11, 1997. Parkinson's disease was first described by him, and since 1997, his birthday, April 11, has been celebrated internationally as World Parkinson's Day.

Parkinson's disease (PD), also known as Parkinson's syndrome, is not simply a condition, but a series of neurological dysfunctional disorders. In the past, the onset of the disease mostly began after the age of 65, butNotably, Parkinson's disease is trending younger, with more and more young Parkinson's patients younger than 40 years of age being detectedThe prevalence is as high as 10% in those over 75 years of age, but about 48% of people do not realize they have the disease. What needs to be made clear is thatParkinson's Disease is not what we normally call in life: Alzheimer's Disease!

Parkinson's Disease vs. Alzheimer's Disease:

1. The etiology is different.The most prominent cause of Parkinson's disease is the degenerative death of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the brainThis leads to a significant reduction in the amount of dopamine in the striatum and causes the disease. We have found that Parkinson's (tremor paralysis) symptoms slowly begin to appear when dopamine levels fall below 50% of normal; Alzheimer's disease (also known as Alzheimer's disease) is also found in the brain, but in the brain.Location of the Nieu Lobe of the Brain. Because of itsshrinkageand thus symptoms of dementia (Alzheimer's disease).
   
   
   
2. The symptoms are not the same. Parkinson's patients usually have trembling hands and feet, stiffness, slow movement, etc., in the physical aspect of the symptoms are more obvious, but also may appear slow thinking, get up and move more slowly, poor body coordination, and even psychological depression and other symptoms,.But take special note: memory is generally unaffected;Alzheimer's patients are quiet and reluctant to move, noting their lack of obvious physical symptoms, butThere is particularly noticeable memory loss, especially for recent events, and it is typically common to have a tendency to lose one's way and not remember directions.。
   
   
3. Treatment results vary.Parkinson's patients can be treated with medication (levodopamine), surgery, or a combination of superconducting radiofrequency techniques.Among them, superconducting radiofrequency integrated technology is the preferred treatment for Parkinson's patients, and there are different treatment options for different Parkinson's patients; There are many Alzheimer's disease treatment drugs, but theThere is no one specific drug, much less surgical treatment!

Genetic testing plays an important role in guiding hereditary, younger Parkinson's patients!

Numerous studies have shown thatGenetic testing for patients with early-onset (age of onset <50 years) Parkinson's diseaseplay an important role in the treatment of the disease! This is because we have found that most Parkinson's patients who develop the disease before the age of 50 are genetically predisposed to it!

How long can you live with Parkinson's? Is it painful?

Parkinson's disease itself is not lethal, and you can live a long time without complications, but once you have complications, you only have two or three years until you have advanced Parkinson's.

Parkinson's.The most painful would have to be Parkinson's pain.

1. radicular pain: Numbness and tingling in the fingers and toes often occur;
   
2. Dystonia-related pain: Tonic muscle pain with localized postural abnormalities;
   
3. spastic pain: Most often occurs in the muscles along the spine, neck and lower legs;
   
4. central pain: Persistent dull pain, tingling, burning pain, or girdle tightness, and sometimes transient cut-like or electric shock-like acute pain episodes, often accompanied by varying degrees of somatosensory abnormalities.
   
5. Fidgeting is painful too.Parkinson's patients often can't stop walking, and when they stop, they get restless and in pain.
   
   

(Doctor and Patient Home Contributor's Answer: Concordia Wai)

Parkinson's disease, also known as tremor paralysis, or PD for short, is a common neurological disease that threatens the health of the elderly, along with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because it is a progressive disease, once the disease is developed, the drugs used only improve the patient's quality of life, but cannot stop the progression of the disease, and the patient will eventually lose the ability to move and live gradually.

The clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease are characterized by resting tremor, lead pipe-like muscle tonus, panic gait and reduced movement. The reason for these symptoms is that Prof. Arvid Carlsson, who majored in Pharmacology at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, discovered that dopamine can be used as a neurotransmitter in the human brain, which has a very important role in controlling the movements of the human body. His research led to the realization that the cause of Parkinson's disease was a lack of dopamine in a part of the human brain, later confirmed to be the substantia nigra of the midbrain. The use of levodopa can improve the symptoms of Parkinson's disease patients, so Prof. Carlsen won the Nobel Prize in Physiology in 2000. Dopamine produced in the substantia nigra projects through the nigrostriatal pathway to the striatum to regulate movement. Damage to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra results in a decrease in dopamine production and a decrease in dopamine projection to the striatum, causing an increase in the production of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which leads to symptoms of motor inhibition.

Parkinson's disease currently has no good means of treatment, mainly through drug treatment, but can not achieve the effect of the root cause, I believe that through the development of neuroscience, in the future will bring more thorough treatment program for Parkinson's disease patients to overcome this disease.

Parkinson's disease (Parkinson's disease PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and elderly people, mainly characterized by pathological changes of progressive degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and formation of Lewy bodies, biochemical alterations of reduced dopamine transmission in striatal regions and imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine transmission, tremor, muscle tonus, and bradykinesia, Motor symptoms such as tremor, myotonia, bradykinesia, delayed movement, postural balance disorders, and non-motor symptoms such as decreased sense of smell, constipation, sleep behavioral abnormalities, and depression are the distinctive features of the clinical manifestations of the disease. The overall prevalence of the disease in people over 65 years old in China is 1700/100,000 and increases with age, bringing a heavy burden to both families and society. Famous people like our leader Deng Xiaoping, mathematician Chen Jingrun, physicist Stephen Hawking, boxer Ali, actress Katharine Hepburn, and old Mr. Barkin, etc., all suffered from the disease in their later years.

Every case of Parkinson's can exhibit motor and non-motor symptoms sequentially or simultaneously, but both types of symptoms are present throughout the course of the disease, sometimes producing multiple non-motor symptoms. Not only do the motor symptoms affect the patient's ability to work and perform daily life, but the non-motor symptoms also significantly interfere with the patient's quality of life. Therefore, we should adopt a comprehensive and integrated treatment for both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's. Treatment methods and tools include medication, surgery, exercise therapy, psychological counseling and care nursing. Drug therapy is the first choice and the main treatment in the whole treatment process. Parkinson's drug therapy, especially the use of levodopa, should not be stopped suddenly to avoid the occurrence of withdrawal malignant syndrome. In addition, surgery is an effective complement to drug therapy. Currently applied treatments, whether medication or surgery, can only improve the patient's symptoms, and cannot stop the progression of the disease, let alone cure it. Therefore, treatment should not only be based on the present, but also requires long-term management to achieve long-term benefits.

The authoritative interpretation of Pharmaceutical Affairs, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

Thank you for inviting Wu Yibo, a member of the Chinese Popular Science Writers Association, to answer your questions.

Simply put, Parkinson's disease, also known as tremor paralysis, is a serious neurodegenerative disease that is most common in the elderly. No medical treatment has been found to completely cure Parkinson's disease, and medication is still the mainstay of treatment.

I don't know how many people were touched by the scene of Boxer Ali receiving the torch with trembling hands at the 1996 Atlanta Games. Ali suffered from Parkinson's disease since the age of 42 and battled it for more than 30 years.Since 1997, April 11 has been recognized as World Parkinson's Day every year.However, World Parkinson's Day has passed, do you still have misconceptions or even know nothing about Parkinson's disease? Then let's take a good look at Parkinson's disease together.

Current status of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease is a common and prevalent neurologic disorder with a high rate of misdiagnosis.The incidence rate is closely related to the aging trend of the population. In China today, the incidence rate of Parkinson's disease among people over 65 years of age is 1.7%. At present, there are up to more than 2 million cases of Parkinson's disease in China, accounting for about 50% of the total number of Parkinson's disease patients in the world. Parkinson's disease brings great torment to the life and spirit of patients and their families.

Why do you get Parkinson's disease?

The pathogenesis of PD is currently unclear.It is now believed that Parkinson's disease is associated with the degeneration of a type of dopamine neuron in the brain called the substantia nigra, caused by free radical production, increased oxidative reactions, decreased glutathione levels, abnormal mitochondrial function, and other factors.

Clinical trials have now found that aggressive treatment in the early stages of the disease can be very beneficial. Early diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease is therefore particularly important.

What are the clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease?

The clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease fall into two main categories:

-Typical symptoms:Motor symptoms such as resting tremor, muscle tonus, bradykinesia, decreased movement, and postural balance disorders.These symptoms are usually manifested in the patient's life by constant shaking of the fingers, tendency to fall because of unsteady center of gravity, and walking with a posture that is very different from that of a normal person.

-Atypical symptoms:Sleep disorders, neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, gastrointestinal dysfunction and sensory symptoms to name a few.These symptoms are prevalent in patients in the early stages of Parkinson's disease.It usually shows excessive drooling, significant memory loss, postural hypotension, urinary urgency, constipation, decreased sense of smell, and even anxiety.Unfortunately, the probability of these atypical symptoms being clinically recognized and diagnosed is not high, and they are easily ignored by clinicians, family members and even the patients themselves, resulting in China's current Parkinson's diagnosis rate being much lower than the incidence rate, and many people who already suffer from Parkinson's disease not being able to detect and treat it in a timely manner, which delays their condition. Therefore, once the above symptoms appear, you must be vigilant and seek medical treatment in time.

If you like it, please click on the right to follow, more health knowledge to share with you!

Pay attention to Parkinson's disease and care for the Parkinson's community. The disease has already brought great suffering to families suffering from the disease, and needs the help and support of all parties in the society. If you are a Parkinson's disease patient, please do not be afraid to face life and the disease positively with an optimistic attitude, your family and doctors are your strong backing.

Questions answered by Yueyi Zhang, Harbin Medical University Reviewed by Yibo Wu

Choose authoritative science, enjoy a healthy life, welcome to follow the MD team!

When it comes to Parkinson's disease, we can't not mention "Boxing Champion" Ali (1942-2016), many people remember his opening ceremony at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games in the United States: he lit the Olympic torch with a trembling body, the scene is heartbreaking, a generation of boxing champions can't beat Parkinson's disease.

Many of our world-renowned celebrities have also been afflicted by Parkinson's disease, including the man who is known throughout the world for proving Goldbach's Conjecture "1+2".Chen Jingrun (1933-1996) Chinese number theorist。

Parkinson's Disease also known as Tremor ParalysisIt is a common neurodegenerative disease in middle-aged and old-aged people, characterized clinically by resting tremor, reduced movement, muscle tonus and postural instability, with the main pathological changes being degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and formation of Lewy bodies.

The etiology of this disease is unknown and the pathogenesis is complex. It may be related to ageing, environmental factors, genetic factors and so on. It often develops after 60 years of age, slightly more often in men, with a slow onset and progressive development. The first symptom is tremor (60%-70%), followed by walking disorders (12%), myotonia (10%) and bradykinesia (10%).

clinical symptom

1、Stationary tremorMostly from one side of the upper limb, showing regular thumb to palm and finger flexion involuntary tremor, similar to the "rolling pills" kind of movement.

2、MyotoniaIt tends to start on one side of the proximal upper or lower extremity and gradually spreads to the distal, contralateral, and generalized muscles.

3. Delayed movementThe patient's casual movements are reduced and slowed down. Difficulty and slowness of movement at the beginning

4. Abnormal posture and gaitEarly walking shuffling, leaning forward when stepping, shortening of step distance when walking, and straightening of neck and trunk muscles make the patient stand in a special flexed body posture.

Dietary Guidelines

1, give high calorie, high vitamin, high fiber, low salt, low fat, moderate amount of high quality protein easy to digest diet.

2. Adjust and supplement various nutrients in time according to the changes of the condition, and quit smoking and drinking.

3. As a high protein diet will reduce the efficacy of levodopa drugs, it is not advisable to blindly give too much protein

4, betel nut for cholinergic food, can reduce the efficacy of anticholinergic drugs, should also be avoided.

5, the staple food to grain-based, choose more coarse grains, eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, drink more water, reduce bloating, avoid constipation.

6. Appropriate dairy products and meat, poultry, eggs, beans, less oil, salt and sugar. Calcium is good for preventing osteoporosis, and 1000-1500mg of calcium should be supplemented every day.

The disease is chronic and progressive, and most patients need oral medication to control it; there is no cure, but in recent years, minimally invasiveDeep Brain Stimulation (DBS, commonly known as a brain pacemaker)DBS surgery is generally a two-step procedure. The first step is local anesthesia, where electrodes are implanted into the corresponding nerve nuclei of the brain under the guidance of a precise localization system; depending on the condition of the disease, it takes about 1 hour; the second step is general anesthesia, where a stimulator (with built-in power supply) is implanted under the skin of the chest, and the electrical pulses emitted from the stimulator are used to control the symptoms of Parkinson's disease by blocking the abnormal signals, and the time is about 1 hour. Hours. Batteries are replaced when they are depleted.

The neurosurgery departments of many major hospitals perform this procedure for the benefit of many patients. However, it is not suitable for all patients.

Most patients are able to continue working within a few years of the onset of the disease, while others progress rapidly to functional disability with a survival period of 5-20 years.

Welcome to the team of MDs from Tiantan Hospital, Fu Wai Hospital, Institute of Pediatrics, and Peking University Dental Hospital!

I wish you good health and a happy life!

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement.

Symptoms usually appear gradually and quietly, with tremor being the most common, sometimes caused by holding a piece of paper in one hand. The disease usually also causes stiffness or slowed movement in the limbs.

In the early stages of Parkinson's disease, the patient may have little or no facial expression and see no joy or sadness. Arms may not swing when walking. Speech may become soft or slurred. As the disease progresses, the symptoms of Parkinson's disease worsen.

In Parkinson's disease, certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain gradually break down or die. Many of the symptoms are due to the loss of neurons leading to decreased levels of dopamine in the brain, causing abnormal brain activity and symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Although there is no cure for Parkinson's disease, medication may significantly improve symptoms. Surgery is also one of the options that can modulate certain areas of the brain and relieve symptoms.