Pediatric diarrheal disease is a group of multi-pathogen multi-factors caused by an increase in the number of stools and changes in stool properties (dilute watery stools, pasty stools, mucus, pus and blood stools) characterized by a group of digestive tract syndromes.

Etiologically, it can be categorized into infectious and non-infectious factors. Infectious diarrhea is mainly caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, and after a clear diagnosis of infectious diarrhea, antibacterial drugs need to be used reasonably, in sufficient quantity, and in a standardized manner. Non-infectious diarrhea, refers to a variety of factors lead to the small intestine or large intestine mucosa, such as secretion or absorption of water, electrolytes and other substances of dysfunction, is not caused by pathogenic microorganisms, generally do not need to use antibacterial drugs.

Then, children's infectious diarrhea can choose those antibacterial drugs? The common pathogens of acute infectious diarrhea in children are Shigella, Campylobacter, Salmonella and E. coli. The European Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Treatment of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children recommend azithromycin and ceftriaxone, with alternatives being cefixime, doxycycline (>7 years old) ciprofloxacin (>17 years old).The 2015 edition of the Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Antimicrobial Drugs states that gentamicin is not recommended for use in acute infectious diarrhea, except for acute infectious diarrhea caused by Campylobacter fetus. Gentamicin not only has ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, but also can lead to respiratory depression, which can affect life safety in serious cases, so oral gentamicin is not recommended.

Other symptomatic treatments include 1, application of intestinal mucosal protective agents: such as montelukast, can repair the inflamed or ulcerated intestinal mucosa, while adsorption of diarrhea-causing bacteria, viruses and so on, without harming the normal bacterial flora. 2, supplemental vitamin A can promote the growth and development of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, and enhance the defense against disease-causing microorganisms. 3, microecological preparations: probiotics are given to regulate intestinal micro-ecological balance is conducive to enhance the barrier effect of intestinal mucosa. Intestinal mucosal barrier function, improve diarrhea symptoms.

In summary, babies should not be given antibacterial drugs blindly when diarrhea occurs.

bibliography

Alfredo Guarino (Coordinator), Shai Ashkenazi, European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology,and Nutrition/European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases Evidence-based Guidelines for the Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Children in Europe: Update 2014.

Xu H, Sun Kun. Clinical Pharmacotherapeutics for Pediatric Diseases [M], Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 2016: 118.

Pharmacist.com authoritative interpretation, unauthorized reproduction, plagiarism will be punished.

　　The vast majority of parents in families with babies have had the experience of being exhausted by their baby's diarrhea. Baby diarrhea, not only the baby suffer, parents also follow the difficult. Baby diarrhea mostly occurs in summer, fall and winter, caused by the following factors:

　　I. Infectious diarrhea caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites.

　　Second, improper diet caused by bait diarrhea.

　　Third, extra-intestinal infections, such as otitis media, epiglottitis, pneumonia, also often accompanied by diarrhea.

　　It can be seen, for the treatment of baby diarrhea, can not not take into account the cause, and a thousand and one all use antibiotics, that not only can not quickly cure the disease, but also may make the diarrhea does not heal.

　　So, how should you administer medication for baby diarrhea?

　　I. Non-infectious diarrhea that does not need to be treated with antibiotics, such as physiological diarrhea, diarrhea caused by indigestion, or diarrhea caused by rotavirus, treatment with antibiotics is not necessary and will not be therapeutic.

　　Second, infectious diarrhea, such as enteritis and dysentery, requires treatment with antibiotics.

　　For baby diarrhea, if you abuse antibiotics without professional examination, one of the consequences is that it may cause bacterial resistance, resulting in difficulties in the treatment of the disease. The second is to cause intestinal flora imbalance, so that the normal intestinal parasitic bacteria are inhibited, or even killed, resulting in the body of potentially pathogenic bacteria and invasive pathogenic bacteria multiply, so that diarrhea aggravated, or even cause systemic bacterial infections.

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