"Diabetes isn't scary, it's the complications that are scary" is a common saying. How scary are the complications? According to statistics, diabetes complications up to more than 100 kinds, affecting the heart, brain, kidney, lungs, nerves, blood vessels, eyes, feet, etc., it can be said that from the "head" to the "feet", none of them are immune.

Some of the more serious complications that we are all familiar with, from top to bottom, such as cerebrovascular complications, have a probability of occurring over a period of 5 to 8 years of about 39.45%, with a mortality rate that is twice as high as that of non-diabetic patients.

Diabetic cardiovascular disease has a 57.82% probability of occurring between 5 and 10 years. Of these, deaths due to ischemic heart disease account for 60% to 80% of deaths in diabetic patients.

Then, there is diabetic foot disease, for which data show a lifetime prevalence of 15 to 20 percent, more than 50 percent of annual nontraumatic amputations are in diabetics, and the 5-year survival rate for conventional treatment is only 44 percent.

1 Why do complications occur in diabetes?

Complications of diabetes mellitus can be categorized as acute or chronic, with the former including ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperosmolar coma. Early diagnosis of acute complications avoids the risk of death, but if the patient is accompanied by multi-organ damage, it directly affects his survival prognosis

Chronic complications are mainly triggered by macrovascular or microvascular lesions, the former including cardiovascular lesions and lower limb vascular lesions, characterized by segmental lesions.

Persistent elevated blood glucose can be harmful to blood vessels, causing endothelial damage and proliferation, and neither large nor microvessels can escape its clutches.

In terms of large blood vessels, it is more likely to cause coronary heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis, cerebral atherosclerosis, cerebral thrombosis or lower extremity vascular arterial occlusion, diabetic foot, etc.; for microvascular, it will make diabetic fundopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and neuropathy of the incidence of the risk of a greatly increased.

Diabetes-induced neuropathy, including peripheral neuropathy, vegetative neuropathy, and central neuropathy, manifests itself in numbness of the hands and feet, slowing of the heart rate, arrhythmias, bladder lesions, gastrointestinal dysfunction, cerebral cognitive dysfunction, dementia, and more.

2 How soon will complications occur?

Diabetes damages the body slowly, not as soon as the blood sugar is high, but as a cumulative process. It may be that after 5 or 10 years of having diabetes, the patient himself has become accustomed to the disease, and various vascular complications slowly emerge.

Relevant statistics show that: the chance of diabetic patients with more than 3 years of complications is more than 46%; more than 5 years of complications is more than 61%; more than 10 years of complications is as high as 98%.

In particular, patients with chronically elevated or unstable blood glucose are likely to develop more complications earlier. Therefore, an occasional high blood glucose is acceptable, but in order to delay the onset and progression of diabetic complications, blood glucose needs to be kept within the target range for a long period of time.

3 What's the right level of blood sugar control?

Glycemic control requirements for elderly patients can be appropriately relaxed, and for those with no or mild complications, fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose of no more than 8.3 mmol/L and 10.1 mmol/L is sufficient;

For those with many complications and severe disease, post-fasting and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose not exceeding 8.9 mmol/L and 11.1 mmol/L is permissible.

At the same time, patients with large fluctuations in blood glucose should also monitor glycated hemoglobin, which reflects the patient's average blood glucose level in the last three months, and its significance in guiding the treatment and the prevention of complications should not be ignored.

In the end, as long as we keep our blood glucose under control as much as possible, and at the same time emphasize the treatment of other physical diseases such as blood pressure and dyslipidemia, and find abnormalities for early diagnosis, early intervention and early treatment, then it is possible to slow down or effectively avoid the emergence of complications!

[Professional doctor to answer your questions

There is a saying that "diabetes is the source of all diseases", so diabetic patients have an impact on the development of various diseases in the human body, the most important life-threatening and serious impact on the quality of life is the heart, brain, eyes, kidneys, and other major organs of the lesions. It can be said that all the complications of diabetes occur with high blood sugar damage to blood vessels as the pathological basis.

This is because high blood sugar will damage the endothelium of blood vessels, so that a large amount of fat in the blood into and deposited under the endothelium of blood vessels, which in turn causes a series of inflammatory reactions leading to the degeneration of fat, the formation of atheromatous lipids to destroy the normal structure of the blood vessels, leading to atherosclerosis and plaque formation, so that a decrease in the elasticity of blood vessels has led to an increase in blood pressure, so that the blood supply of blood to various tissues and organs and the insufficient supply of oxygen caused by the damage, myocardial infarction, Coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, blindness, uremia and other lesions will occur.

It can be seen that high blood glucose is the basis for the development of these lesions, and with other factors acting together on this basis, the development of the lesions will be accelerated. Therefore, the control of diabetes mellitus is not only to control blood glucose, but also to effectively control the related risk factors at the same time, in order to avoid the occurrence of complications. Usually there are several main indicators to be controlled to meet the standard,

• Fasting blood glucose should be controlled at least below 7.0 mmol/L, and below 6.1 mmol/L is ideal.
• Blood glucose should be controlled at least 2 hours after a meal at 10.0 mmol/L or less, with 7.8 mmol/L or less being ideal.
• Glycosylated hemoglobin should be kept at least below 7.5%, and it is ideal to be able to keep it below 6.5%.
• Blood pressure should be kept at least below 130/80 mmHg, and it is ideal to be able to keep it below 120/80 mmHg.
• LDL should be kept at least below 2.6 mmol/L, and it is ideal to be able to keep it below 1.8 mmol/L.

In conclusion, it is important to keep these indicators under control in order to maximize the avoidance of complications.

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At present, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly in China, with the number of people suffering from the disease increasing year by year, and the number of people aged 45-64 years is increasing most rapidly. Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal. Prolonged hyperglycemia can damage the patient's tissues and organs and lead to complications. 2010 statistics in the United States reported that the complication rate of patients with diabetes mellitus is more than 46% for those who have been suffering from diabetes mellitus for more than 3 years; more than 61% for those who have been suffering from diabetes mellitus for more than 5 years; and as high as 98% for those who have been suffering from diabetes mellitus for more than 10 years.

Diabetic complications are categorized into acute and chronic complications.

Etiology of acute complications of diabetes mellitus:Mainly due to heavy deficiency of insulin activity and inappropriately elevated glucagon, resulting in blood glucose

Excessive, and cause sugar, fat and protein metabolism disorders, so that the body water, electrolyte and acid-base balance imbalance.

Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus etiology:These include: macrovascular complications, such as cerebrovascular, cardiovascular and lower limb vascular lesions. Microvascular complications, such as renal lesions and fundopathy. Neuropathy, including sensory nerves responsible for the senses, motor nerves innervating physical activity, and autonomic neuropathy responsible for visceral, vascular, and endocrine functions. It is now widely recognized that polyol bypass, protein kinase C, hexosamine activation, the abundance of advanced glycosylation products (AGEs), and hyperglycemia-induced increase in mitochondrial generation of reactive oxidative products (ROS) may be the pathogenesis and common basis for the development of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.

What complications can arise?

1. Acute complications of diabetes: including hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetic lactic acidosis and diabetic hyperosmolar state.

2. Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus: mainly microvascular and mesovascular atherosclerotic lesions. The cause of the disease is not in blood glucose but in blood lipids. Chronic complications of diabetes mellitus include diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic lower extremity vasculopathy and diabetic foot.

There were complications at three more and one less! Blurred vision, postural hypotension, headaches, strange itching in the ear holes, numbness in the feet, it's been over a year since diagnosis and the symptoms are slowly getting better, and they will improve when blood sugar is under control. If you do not control blood sugar, will become more and more serious, this is also a matter of time 5 - 10 years, the development of that time there is no turning back!

Without controlling blood sugar

Complications are not far away.

Some minor complications will always be there. If the blood sugar is consistently poorly controlled with repeated large fluctuations, it is almost impossible to escape serious complications!

Diabetes hand when fasting blood glucose control in seven or less, after meals blood glucose control in ten or less, can be too late complication evidence occurs. I hope you work hard.

The first victim is the eye, the second is the foot, at that point the person is finished

There are many complications with diabetes and just building the body is beneficial.

Control blood sugar is the most important, appropriate exercise, boil some liver, kidney, eye tea as water thirst. Mulberry fruit, chrysanthemums, wolfberry, Luo Han Guo, bitter melon, hawthorn, corn husk, Pueraria lobata, lotus seed, camomile, Huaishan, Salvia divinorum, Tianqi, these appropriate to eat some.